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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Wednesday, 19 June 13
NEWCASTLE SHIPPED 16.05 PERCENT LESS COAL W/E 17 JUNE 2013
COALspot.com - Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 2,606,071 tons of coal for the week ended 0700 hours 17 June 2013, Newcastle Port Corp. ...
Sunday, 16 June 13
WEAK DEMAND KEEPS COAL PRICES LOW
COALspot.com - Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average July 2013 delivery have lost 2.94 percent week on week but gained 0.06 percent ...
Saturday, 15 June 13
S7 AND S8 ROUTES ARE EXPECTED TO BE STEADY NEXT WEEK - VISTAAR
COALspot.com - This week freight movement was fairly firm with news of China is rebuilding iron ore stockpiles, and ease import rules. Cape and Pana ...
Saturday, 15 June 13
SHIPPING CONFIDENCE REACHES HIGHEST LEVEL FOR TWO AND A HALF YEARS - MOORE STEPHENS
Overall confidence levels in the shipping industry rose to their highest level for two and a half years in the three months ended May 2013, accordin ...
Friday, 14 June 13
U.S. COAL PRODUCTION TOTALED APPROXIMATELY 18.20 MILLION SHORT TONS W/E 8 JUNE 2013
COALspot.com – United states the world’s second largest coal producer produced totaled approximately 18.20 million short tons (mmst) of ...
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- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- PTC India Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
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