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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Thursday, 13 June 13
HANDY: SHORT PERIOD WERE FIXED AT AROUND USD 9000 LEVEL
Handy
Despite falling rates for bigger sizes, the Supras in Atlantic are seeing some improvements with fresh biz. US Gulf positions fetching tick a ...
Thursday, 13 June 13
BIMCO EXPECTS SUBDUED CAPESIZE EARNINGS FOR THE COMING WEEKS - HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
Bulk is not only about China even though it is a key driver. In this section, we have taken a closer look at the European seaborne coal markets, whi ...
Thursday, 13 June 13
RIO TINTO AGREES SALE OF EAGLE PROJECT FOR AN ESTIMATED US$325 MILLION IN CASH
COALspot.com - Rio Tinto has reached a binding agreement to sell its Eagle project to Lundin Mining Corporation for an estimated US$325 million in c ...
Thursday, 13 June 13
HARD COAL IMPORTS RISE SHARPLY IN GERMANY IN Q1 2013 - COAL IMPORTERS ASSOCIATION
Coal-fired Power Plants in Germany: Pillars of the Grid and the Energy Turnaround; Hard Coal Consumption and Hard Coal Imports Rise Sharply in Germa ...
Wednesday, 12 June 13
INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE SLIDES TO 2013 LOW
COALspot.com - Indonesian Coal Price Reference continues to take its lumps this month, dropping about 0.54 % and hitting a 2013 low. The Indonesian ...
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- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- The University of Queensland
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- White Energy Company Limited
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Australian Coal Association
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
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