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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Saturday, 27 July 13
INDONESIA TO INDIA SUPRAMAX FREIGHT RATES ARE EXPECTED TO REMAIN STEADY - CAPT.REDDY
COALspot.com : The freight market seemed to soften this week with BDI , Cape and Panamax indices dropped average 5 percent on week.
The BDI was d ...
Thursday, 25 July 13
CAPESIZE : PACIFIC AND ATLANTIC RATES ARE HOLDING STEADY - FEARNLEYS AS
Handy
The Far East market remains quiet even if some Indo coal trip orders were fed in the market at early this week. Prompt ships passing Singapor ...
Thursday, 25 July 13
SUMMER LULL CHIPPING AWAY RECENT GAINS IN DRY BULK FREIGHT RATES - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
In what seems to be establishing as a permanent trend, at least for the time being, the dry bulk market kept on retreating yesterday, even if this r ...
Tuesday, 23 July 13
NEWCASTLE'S COAL EXPORTS CLIMB 17.82% ON WEEK, PORT'S DATA SHOWS
COALspot.com: Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 3,369,865 tons of coal for the week ended 0700 hours 22 July 2013, Newcastle Port Corp. s ...
Monday, 22 July 13
DRY BULK MARKET DIFFICULT TO MAINTAIN POSITIVE DRIVE CLAIMS SHIPBROKER - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
The dry bulk market has seen a significant recovery in recent weeks, leading most ship classes to earnings above their operating expenses, thus brin ...
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- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- PTC India Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Australian Coal Association
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
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