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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Monday, 05 August 13
INDO GOVERNMENT'S DECLARED HBA IN AUGUST '13 FALL TO LOWEST LEVEL SINCE JANUARY '10
COALspot. com - HBA fell to US$ 76.70 this month, the lowest since January 2010. Indonesian Coal Price Reference fell 6.11% and hitting a 2013 ...
Sunday, 04 August 13
COAL SWAP MARKET HAS LOST DIRECTION; STRUGGLING TO CATCH UP
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average October 2013 delivery slightly down on day, week and month on Friday, 2 A ...
Sunday, 04 August 13
INDONESIA TO INDIA SUPRAMAX FREIGHT SOFT DUE TO HOLIDAYS IN INDONESIA - VISTAAR
COALspot.com : The freight market was fairly steady this week with the BDI recovering towards north since second half of the week with the support o ...
Friday, 02 August 13
DRY BULK MARKET STABILIZES ON RENEWED MARKET ACTIVITY - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market has kept its positive footing this week, although it's still a far cry to deem the market situation as a growing one, especiall ...
Friday, 02 August 13
ASIA ACCOUNTS FOR 27.95 PERCENT OF US COAL EXPORTS IN Q1, 2013
COALspot.com – United states the world’s second largest coal producer produced totaled approximately 20.80 million short tons (mmst) of ...
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- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Planning Commission, India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- White Energy Company Limited
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
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