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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Friday, 13 September 13
DIRECTOR GENERAL OF MINERAL AND COAL OF INDONESIA REVISED UP COAL PRICE REFERENCE TO US$ 76.89
COALspot. com - The Indonesian government has revised up its owned coal bench mark price by US$ 0.19/ MT to US$ 76.89 for September 2013 deliveries ...
Thursday, 12 September 13
PANAMAX : PACIFIC ROUNDS ARE NOW REPORTED BETWEEN USD 13K AND 15K PER DAY - FEARNRESEARCH
Handy
Nickel ore is a key support SE Asia/Feast rate at the moment; vessel in N.China were fixed around USD 11-12k, ships in mid China can expect a ...
Thursday, 12 September 13
CAPESIZE MARKET WILL BECOME EVEN TIGHTER - JEFFREY LANDSBERG
COALspot.com : While it is no secret that current capesize availability has become tight and has caused capesize rates to surge, availability is set ...
Thursday, 12 September 13
OVER THE WORST? WE MIGHT FIND OUT THIS WEEK - BIMCO
The shipping market has a spring in its step, even as summer draws to a close. There is it seems, confidence that finally, we are emerging into the ...
Thursday, 12 September 13
DRY BULK MARKET RALLY COMES AT A GOOD TIME FOR MOST SHIP OWNERS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
The latest surge of the dry bulk market has helped offset other lingering factors, which otherwise, could have plunged freight rates to new lows. Fo ...
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- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- White Energy Company Limited
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- The University of Queensland
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
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