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Monday, 07 December 09
HOW INDIA CAN CUT ITS ENERGY NEEDS BY 20%!
 Using energy more efficiently can reduce our energy needs by one fifth; it is a strategy we must pursue even as we promote renewables, says Kirit Parikh.
India needs to grow at 8-10 per cent for the next two decades if the country is to eliminate poverty. This will require our energy consumption to grow four- to five-fold.
Our power capacity has to increase from around 170,000 Mw, including captive plants, to 800,000 Mw or 1,000,000 Mw by 2030.
With the full development of hydropower, an optimistic nuclear development scenario and improved availability of natural gas, we will need around 500 million tonnes (mt) of oil products, 200 billion cubic metres (bcm) of gas and around 2,000 mt of coal by 2030.
This compares with an oil consumption of 133 mt, gas consumption of 37 bcm and coal consumption of about 525 mt (Indian coal equivalent) in 2008. Even with the nuclear agreement, the nuclear capacity is not likely to reach more than 100,000 Mw by 2030.
Our import dependence may grow as high as 90 per cent for oil, 30 per cent for gas and 30 per cent for coal. We can reduce this by promoting energy efficiency and renewable resources.
Coal will remain our main energy source. It is generally believed that we have very little oil and gas, but large coal reserves. However, the currently known extractable coal reserves will run out in 45 years if our coal consumption keeps growing at 5 per cent per year, as it has in the past 25 years.
Thus, it is important to promote energy efficiency, including in coal use. The growing threat of climate change also requires this.
The first task in saving energy is to increase the efficiency of electricity use. A unit saved at the consumer end saves 1.25 units of generation and saves further energy, as coal does not have to be transported.
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency has taken a number of steps. An efficient lighting programme to replace incandescent bulbs by compact florescent lamps (CFLs), labelling of electrical equipment, a pilot programme to promote energy-efficient pumps for farmers, the launching of an energy conservation building code, standards and benchmarks for designated industries, etc, have been initiated. These will reduce energy, particularly electricity, consumption.
To get the full benefit from the labelling programme, public sector procurement officers should be enabled to purchase equipment based on life cycle cost instead of initial cost, without inviting Vigilance Commission investigation.
The government should issue an order specifying the price preference that may be given to equipment with a higher star rating. Thus, for example, an air conditioner with a three-star rating that saves Rs 1,500 per year in electricity bills over a two-star-rated air conditioner, may be given a price preference of Rs 3,600, which is the present discounted value of savings over three years at a 12 per cent discount rate.
While economic incentives are important, setting energy efficiency standards for equipment can play a very important role. By periodically tightening standards, the average annual energy consumption of refrigerators in the United States was brought down from 1,825 kwhr in 1974 to 476 kwhr by 2001.
Such efficiency gains are even more important for us, as with an 8 per cent growth rate, we will nearly double our capital stock in nine years. Energy-using equipment and appliances will also spread rapidly.
Thus, the manufacturers of equipment and appliances should be targeted to force the pace of improvement in energy efficiency.
Major opportunities also exist in cutting energy use in other areas.
Increasing the efficiency of coal-based power plants: The fuel conversion efficiency of the existing population of thermal power stations is on average around 30 per cent.
Super-critical boilers can provide an efficiency of 38-40 per cent. No new thermal power plant should be allowed without a certified fuel conversion efficiency of at least 38 per cent. The pace of efficiency improvement needs to be forced.
Shifting freight traffic to railways: Improve railway service to win back the long-distance freight traffic carried by trucks today that consume five times as much diesel per net tonne kilometre of freight carried.
The construction of dedicated freight corridors should be completed as soon as possible. Carrying 3,000 billion tonne kilometres (bt-km) of freight (half of the projected freight traffic in 2030) by rail instead of trucks can save approximately 50 mt of diesel per year.
Promoting urban mass transport: Promote urban mass transport by providing quality services which may be partially financed by imposing congestion, pollution and parking charges on those who use personalised motor transport.
Plan for future mass transport corridors in smaller cities and acquire right-of-way. As the city grows, the permissible built-up area may be gradually increased. However, the additional right to build should remain with the local government, which it can auction to finance mass transport and other urban infrastructure.
Increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicles: By promoting hybrid vehicles that are already available commercially internationally and flexi-fuel vehicles that can burn varying proportions of ethanol-blended fuels, we can improve efficiency by 20 per cent or more.
Fuel efficiency standards should be imposed on vehicle manufacturers to force the pace.
Promoting renewable energy such as solar is critical for our long-term energy security. Presently commercially available solar photovoltaic cells of 15 per cent efficiency covering 10 million hectares can more than meet all our energy needs projected for 2030.
The cost of solar electricity today is about Rs 20 per kwhr, compared to around Rs 4 at the consumer end from coal power. The solar mission to be launched has the target to make solar cost-competitive to coal power by 2020.
There are, however, applications that use solar energy that are economical today that can reduce the need for energy from conventional sources. Solar water heaters are a case in point.
With 50 million home water heaters we can save 95 billion units of electricity generation, which means a saving of 65 mt of coal.
We are short on fossil fuels. Energy efficiency can reduce our energy needs by 20 per cent and is a major resource that we must use even as we promote renewables.
The author, a former member of the Planning Commission, is Chairman of Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe).
Source: Business.Rediff
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Tuesday, 08 December 09
RICHARDS BAY COAL SHIPMENTS FELL 11% IN NOVEMBER FROM YEAR AGO
Coal exports from South Africa’s Richards Bay, site of the continent’s largest export terminal for the fuel, fell 11 percent in November ...
Tuesday, 08 December 09
HIGH GLOBAL COAL PRICES HIT POWER PROJECTS
Spot prices for the fuel have appreciated almost 10% in November.
After a sedate year, rising coal prices could hit the coffers of import-based d ...
Monday, 07 December 09
ASIA COAL POWER IN INDONESIA DISCUSSES NEW MINING LAW, COAL AND POWER SECTORS AS INVESTMENTS POUR INTO COALMINES TO SECURE SUPPLIES
COALspot.com (Singaproe): Press Release - Asia Coal Power pinpoints growing power demand in Asia & Power sector investments in Indonesia's coal ...
Monday, 07 December 09
DRY BULK RATES' VOLATILITY TO STAY, BUT RECOVERY IS UNDERWAY SAYS ION VAROUXAKIS HEAD OF FREESEAS
In an interview with Hellenic Shipping News, Mr. Ion G. Varouxakis, Chairman of the Board, President and CEO of Nasdaq-listed Freeseas, explains why ...
Monday, 07 December 09
VEDANTA RESOURCES ISSUES TENDER TO IMPORT 2.25 MILLION COAL
COALspot.com (India): Vedanta Resources plc is a London stock exchange listed FTSE 100 diversified metals and mining major with revenues in excess o ...
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- The University of Queensland
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
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- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- MS Steel International - UAE
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
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- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Australian Coal Association
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
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