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Monday, 07 December 09
HOW INDIA CAN CUT ITS ENERGY NEEDS BY 20%!
 Using energy more efficiently can reduce our energy needs by one fifth; it is a strategy we must pursue even as we promote renewables, says Kirit Parikh.
India needs to grow at 8-10 per cent for the next two decades if the country is to eliminate poverty. This will require our energy consumption to grow four- to five-fold.
Our power capacity has to increase from around 170,000 Mw, including captive plants, to 800,000 Mw or 1,000,000 Mw by 2030.
With the full development of hydropower, an optimistic nuclear development scenario and improved availability of natural gas, we will need around 500 million tonnes (mt) of oil products, 200 billion cubic metres (bcm) of gas and around 2,000 mt of coal by 2030.
This compares with an oil consumption of 133 mt, gas consumption of 37 bcm and coal consumption of about 525 mt (Indian coal equivalent) in 2008. Even with the nuclear agreement, the nuclear capacity is not likely to reach more than 100,000 Mw by 2030.
Our import dependence may grow as high as 90 per cent for oil, 30 per cent for gas and 30 per cent for coal. We can reduce this by promoting energy efficiency and renewable resources.
Coal will remain our main energy source. It is generally believed that we have very little oil and gas, but large coal reserves. However, the currently known extractable coal reserves will run out in 45 years if our coal consumption keeps growing at 5 per cent per year, as it has in the past 25 years.
Thus, it is important to promote energy efficiency, including in coal use. The growing threat of climate change also requires this.
The first task in saving energy is to increase the efficiency of electricity use. A unit saved at the consumer end saves 1.25 units of generation and saves further energy, as coal does not have to be transported.
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency has taken a number of steps. An efficient lighting programme to replace incandescent bulbs by compact florescent lamps (CFLs), labelling of electrical equipment, a pilot programme to promote energy-efficient pumps for farmers, the launching of an energy conservation building code, standards and benchmarks for designated industries, etc, have been initiated. These will reduce energy, particularly electricity, consumption.
To get the full benefit from the labelling programme, public sector procurement officers should be enabled to purchase equipment based on life cycle cost instead of initial cost, without inviting Vigilance Commission investigation.
The government should issue an order specifying the price preference that may be given to equipment with a higher star rating. Thus, for example, an air conditioner with a three-star rating that saves Rs 1,500 per year in electricity bills over a two-star-rated air conditioner, may be given a price preference of Rs 3,600, which is the present discounted value of savings over three years at a 12 per cent discount rate.
While economic incentives are important, setting energy efficiency standards for equipment can play a very important role. By periodically tightening standards, the average annual energy consumption of refrigerators in the United States was brought down from 1,825 kwhr in 1974 to 476 kwhr by 2001.
Such efficiency gains are even more important for us, as with an 8 per cent growth rate, we will nearly double our capital stock in nine years. Energy-using equipment and appliances will also spread rapidly.
Thus, the manufacturers of equipment and appliances should be targeted to force the pace of improvement in energy efficiency.
Major opportunities also exist in cutting energy use in other areas.
Increasing the efficiency of coal-based power plants: The fuel conversion efficiency of the existing population of thermal power stations is on average around 30 per cent.
Super-critical boilers can provide an efficiency of 38-40 per cent. No new thermal power plant should be allowed without a certified fuel conversion efficiency of at least 38 per cent. The pace of efficiency improvement needs to be forced.
Shifting freight traffic to railways: Improve railway service to win back the long-distance freight traffic carried by trucks today that consume five times as much diesel per net tonne kilometre of freight carried.
The construction of dedicated freight corridors should be completed as soon as possible. Carrying 3,000 billion tonne kilometres (bt-km) of freight (half of the projected freight traffic in 2030) by rail instead of trucks can save approximately 50 mt of diesel per year.
Promoting urban mass transport: Promote urban mass transport by providing quality services which may be partially financed by imposing congestion, pollution and parking charges on those who use personalised motor transport.
Plan for future mass transport corridors in smaller cities and acquire right-of-way. As the city grows, the permissible built-up area may be gradually increased. However, the additional right to build should remain with the local government, which it can auction to finance mass transport and other urban infrastructure.
Increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicles: By promoting hybrid vehicles that are already available commercially internationally and flexi-fuel vehicles that can burn varying proportions of ethanol-blended fuels, we can improve efficiency by 20 per cent or more.
Fuel efficiency standards should be imposed on vehicle manufacturers to force the pace.
Promoting renewable energy such as solar is critical for our long-term energy security. Presently commercially available solar photovoltaic cells of 15 per cent efficiency covering 10 million hectares can more than meet all our energy needs projected for 2030.
The cost of solar electricity today is about Rs 20 per kwhr, compared to around Rs 4 at the consumer end from coal power. The solar mission to be launched has the target to make solar cost-competitive to coal power by 2020.
There are, however, applications that use solar energy that are economical today that can reduce the need for energy from conventional sources. Solar water heaters are a case in point.
With 50 million home water heaters we can save 95 billion units of electricity generation, which means a saving of 65 mt of coal.
We are short on fossil fuels. Energy efficiency can reduce our energy needs by 20 per cent and is a major resource that we must use even as we promote renewables.
The author, a former member of the Planning Commission, is Chairman of Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe).
Source: Business.Rediff
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Tuesday, 08 December 09
RICHARDS BAY COAL SHIPMENTS FELL 11% IN NOVEMBER FROM YEAR AGO
Coal exports from South Africa’s Richards Bay, site of the continent’s largest export terminal for the fuel, fell 11 percent in November ...
Tuesday, 08 December 09
HIGH GLOBAL COAL PRICES HIT POWER PROJECTS
Spot prices for the fuel have appreciated almost 10% in November.
After a sedate year, rising coal prices could hit the coffers of import-based d ...
Monday, 07 December 09
ASIA COAL POWER IN INDONESIA DISCUSSES NEW MINING LAW, COAL AND POWER SECTORS AS INVESTMENTS POUR INTO COALMINES TO SECURE SUPPLIES
COALspot.com (Singaproe): Press Release - Asia Coal Power pinpoints growing power demand in Asia & Power sector investments in Indonesia's coal ...
Monday, 07 December 09
DRY BULK RATES' VOLATILITY TO STAY, BUT RECOVERY IS UNDERWAY SAYS ION VAROUXAKIS HEAD OF FREESEAS
In an interview with Hellenic Shipping News, Mr. Ion G. Varouxakis, Chairman of the Board, President and CEO of Nasdaq-listed Freeseas, explains why ...
Monday, 07 December 09
VEDANTA RESOURCES ISSUES TENDER TO IMPORT 2.25 MILLION COAL
COALspot.com (India): Vedanta Resources plc is a London stock exchange listed FTSE 100 diversified metals and mining major with revenues in excess o ...
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- ICICI Bank Limited - India
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- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
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- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
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- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
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- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
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- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Economic Council, Georgia
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- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
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