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Monday, 07 December 09
HOW INDIA CAN CUT ITS ENERGY NEEDS BY 20%!
 Using energy more efficiently can reduce our energy needs by one fifth; it is a strategy we must pursue even as we promote renewables, says Kirit Parikh.
India needs to grow at 8-10 per cent for the next two decades if the country is to eliminate poverty. This will require our energy consumption to grow four- to five-fold.
Our power capacity has to increase from around 170,000 Mw, including captive plants, to 800,000 Mw or 1,000,000 Mw by 2030.
With the full development of hydropower, an optimistic nuclear development scenario and improved availability of natural gas, we will need around 500 million tonnes (mt) of oil products, 200 billion cubic metres (bcm) of gas and around 2,000 mt of coal by 2030.
This compares with an oil consumption of 133 mt, gas consumption of 37 bcm and coal consumption of about 525 mt (Indian coal equivalent) in 2008. Even with the nuclear agreement, the nuclear capacity is not likely to reach more than 100,000 Mw by 2030.
Our import dependence may grow as high as 90 per cent for oil, 30 per cent for gas and 30 per cent for coal. We can reduce this by promoting energy efficiency and renewable resources.
Coal will remain our main energy source. It is generally believed that we have very little oil and gas, but large coal reserves. However, the currently known extractable coal reserves will run out in 45 years if our coal consumption keeps growing at 5 per cent per year, as it has in the past 25 years.
Thus, it is important to promote energy efficiency, including in coal use. The growing threat of climate change also requires this.
The first task in saving energy is to increase the efficiency of electricity use. A unit saved at the consumer end saves 1.25 units of generation and saves further energy, as coal does not have to be transported.
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency has taken a number of steps. An efficient lighting programme to replace incandescent bulbs by compact florescent lamps (CFLs), labelling of electrical equipment, a pilot programme to promote energy-efficient pumps for farmers, the launching of an energy conservation building code, standards and benchmarks for designated industries, etc, have been initiated. These will reduce energy, particularly electricity, consumption.
To get the full benefit from the labelling programme, public sector procurement officers should be enabled to purchase equipment based on life cycle cost instead of initial cost, without inviting Vigilance Commission investigation.
The government should issue an order specifying the price preference that may be given to equipment with a higher star rating. Thus, for example, an air conditioner with a three-star rating that saves Rs 1,500 per year in electricity bills over a two-star-rated air conditioner, may be given a price preference of Rs 3,600, which is the present discounted value of savings over three years at a 12 per cent discount rate.
While economic incentives are important, setting energy efficiency standards for equipment can play a very important role. By periodically tightening standards, the average annual energy consumption of refrigerators in the United States was brought down from 1,825 kwhr in 1974 to 476 kwhr by 2001.
Such efficiency gains are even more important for us, as with an 8 per cent growth rate, we will nearly double our capital stock in nine years. Energy-using equipment and appliances will also spread rapidly.
Thus, the manufacturers of equipment and appliances should be targeted to force the pace of improvement in energy efficiency.
Major opportunities also exist in cutting energy use in other areas.
Increasing the efficiency of coal-based power plants: The fuel conversion efficiency of the existing population of thermal power stations is on average around 30 per cent.
Super-critical boilers can provide an efficiency of 38-40 per cent. No new thermal power plant should be allowed without a certified fuel conversion efficiency of at least 38 per cent. The pace of efficiency improvement needs to be forced.
Shifting freight traffic to railways: Improve railway service to win back the long-distance freight traffic carried by trucks today that consume five times as much diesel per net tonne kilometre of freight carried.
The construction of dedicated freight corridors should be completed as soon as possible. Carrying 3,000 billion tonne kilometres (bt-km) of freight (half of the projected freight traffic in 2030) by rail instead of trucks can save approximately 50 mt of diesel per year.
Promoting urban mass transport: Promote urban mass transport by providing quality services which may be partially financed by imposing congestion, pollution and parking charges on those who use personalised motor transport.
Plan for future mass transport corridors in smaller cities and acquire right-of-way. As the city grows, the permissible built-up area may be gradually increased. However, the additional right to build should remain with the local government, which it can auction to finance mass transport and other urban infrastructure.
Increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicles: By promoting hybrid vehicles that are already available commercially internationally and flexi-fuel vehicles that can burn varying proportions of ethanol-blended fuels, we can improve efficiency by 20 per cent or more.
Fuel efficiency standards should be imposed on vehicle manufacturers to force the pace.
Promoting renewable energy such as solar is critical for our long-term energy security. Presently commercially available solar photovoltaic cells of 15 per cent efficiency covering 10 million hectares can more than meet all our energy needs projected for 2030.
The cost of solar electricity today is about Rs 20 per kwhr, compared to around Rs 4 at the consumer end from coal power. The solar mission to be launched has the target to make solar cost-competitive to coal power by 2020.
There are, however, applications that use solar energy that are economical today that can reduce the need for energy from conventional sources. Solar water heaters are a case in point.
With 50 million home water heaters we can save 95 billion units of electricity generation, which means a saving of 65 mt of coal.
We are short on fossil fuels. Energy efficiency can reduce our energy needs by 20 per cent and is a major resource that we must use even as we promote renewables.
The author, a former member of the Planning Commission, is Chairman of Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe).
Source: Business.Rediff
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Monday, 07 December 09
CHINA COKING COAL PRICE MAY RISE 14% ON DEFICIT, CITIGROUP SAYS
Coking coal prices in China, the world’s biggest steel producer, may rise 14 percent next year because of a supply deficit, Citigroup Inc. sai ...
Monday, 07 December 09
JSW STEEL TO SELL MOZAMBIQUE COAL MINE FOR RS 300 CRORE
JSW Steel may sell its coal mine in Mozambique to sister company JSW Energy as the mine has become commercially unviable for the steel producer, a t ...
Monday, 07 December 09
BLACK RIDGE MINING ENTERS AGREEMENT WITH INDONESIAN COAL PRODUCER
Australian-listed Black Ridge Mining has entered into an exclusive dealing and non-circumvention agreement with Indonesian coal producer PT. Inmas A ...
Sunday, 06 December 09
THE ECI / CHINA (S7) ROUTE SOFTENED AND WAS AT US$ 25,275 PER DAY - VISTAAR
COALspot.com (Singapore): "The market was bit soft in the beginning of the week, however towards mid week that market started to pick up and th ...
Sunday, 06 December 09
NEW MANGALORE PORT GETS UPCL'S FIRST COAL PARCEL FROM INDONESIA
The Lanco Group-promoted Udupi Power Corporation Ltd (UPCL) has received the first parcel of imported coal from Indonesia at the New Mangalore Port. ...
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- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Economic Council, Georgia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- PTC India Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- MS Steel International - UAE
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- The University of Queensland
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
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