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Monday, 07 December 09
HOW INDIA CAN CUT ITS ENERGY NEEDS BY 20%!
 Using energy more efficiently can reduce our energy needs by one fifth; it is a strategy we must pursue even as we promote renewables, says Kirit Parikh.
India needs to grow at 8-10 per cent for the next two decades if the country is to eliminate poverty. This will require our energy consumption to grow four- to five-fold.
Our power capacity has to increase from around 170,000 Mw, including captive plants, to 800,000 Mw or 1,000,000 Mw by 2030.
With the full development of hydropower, an optimistic nuclear development scenario and improved availability of natural gas, we will need around 500 million tonnes (mt) of oil products, 200 billion cubic metres (bcm) of gas and around 2,000 mt of coal by 2030.
This compares with an oil consumption of 133 mt, gas consumption of 37 bcm and coal consumption of about 525 mt (Indian coal equivalent) in 2008. Even with the nuclear agreement, the nuclear capacity is not likely to reach more than 100,000 Mw by 2030.
Our import dependence may grow as high as 90 per cent for oil, 30 per cent for gas and 30 per cent for coal. We can reduce this by promoting energy efficiency and renewable resources.
Coal will remain our main energy source. It is generally believed that we have very little oil and gas, but large coal reserves. However, the currently known extractable coal reserves will run out in 45 years if our coal consumption keeps growing at 5 per cent per year, as it has in the past 25 years.
Thus, it is important to promote energy efficiency, including in coal use. The growing threat of climate change also requires this.
The first task in saving energy is to increase the efficiency of electricity use. A unit saved at the consumer end saves 1.25 units of generation and saves further energy, as coal does not have to be transported.
The Bureau of Energy Efficiency has taken a number of steps. An efficient lighting programme to replace incandescent bulbs by compact florescent lamps (CFLs), labelling of electrical equipment, a pilot programme to promote energy-efficient pumps for farmers, the launching of an energy conservation building code, standards and benchmarks for designated industries, etc, have been initiated. These will reduce energy, particularly electricity, consumption.
To get the full benefit from the labelling programme, public sector procurement officers should be enabled to purchase equipment based on life cycle cost instead of initial cost, without inviting Vigilance Commission investigation.
The government should issue an order specifying the price preference that may be given to equipment with a higher star rating. Thus, for example, an air conditioner with a three-star rating that saves Rs 1,500 per year in electricity bills over a two-star-rated air conditioner, may be given a price preference of Rs 3,600, which is the present discounted value of savings over three years at a 12 per cent discount rate.
While economic incentives are important, setting energy efficiency standards for equipment can play a very important role. By periodically tightening standards, the average annual energy consumption of refrigerators in the United States was brought down from 1,825 kwhr in 1974 to 476 kwhr by 2001.
Such efficiency gains are even more important for us, as with an 8 per cent growth rate, we will nearly double our capital stock in nine years. Energy-using equipment and appliances will also spread rapidly.
Thus, the manufacturers of equipment and appliances should be targeted to force the pace of improvement in energy efficiency.
Major opportunities also exist in cutting energy use in other areas.
Increasing the efficiency of coal-based power plants: The fuel conversion efficiency of the existing population of thermal power stations is on average around 30 per cent.
Super-critical boilers can provide an efficiency of 38-40 per cent. No new thermal power plant should be allowed without a certified fuel conversion efficiency of at least 38 per cent. The pace of efficiency improvement needs to be forced.
Shifting freight traffic to railways: Improve railway service to win back the long-distance freight traffic carried by trucks today that consume five times as much diesel per net tonne kilometre of freight carried.
The construction of dedicated freight corridors should be completed as soon as possible. Carrying 3,000 billion tonne kilometres (bt-km) of freight (half of the projected freight traffic in 2030) by rail instead of trucks can save approximately 50 mt of diesel per year.
Promoting urban mass transport: Promote urban mass transport by providing quality services which may be partially financed by imposing congestion, pollution and parking charges on those who use personalised motor transport.
Plan for future mass transport corridors in smaller cities and acquire right-of-way. As the city grows, the permissible built-up area may be gradually increased. However, the additional right to build should remain with the local government, which it can auction to finance mass transport and other urban infrastructure.
Increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicles: By promoting hybrid vehicles that are already available commercially internationally and flexi-fuel vehicles that can burn varying proportions of ethanol-blended fuels, we can improve efficiency by 20 per cent or more.
Fuel efficiency standards should be imposed on vehicle manufacturers to force the pace.
Promoting renewable energy such as solar is critical for our long-term energy security. Presently commercially available solar photovoltaic cells of 15 per cent efficiency covering 10 million hectares can more than meet all our energy needs projected for 2030.
The cost of solar electricity today is about Rs 20 per kwhr, compared to around Rs 4 at the consumer end from coal power. The solar mission to be launched has the target to make solar cost-competitive to coal power by 2020.
There are, however, applications that use solar energy that are economical today that can reduce the need for energy from conventional sources. Solar water heaters are a case in point.
With 50 million home water heaters we can save 95 billion units of electricity generation, which means a saving of 65 mt of coal.
We are short on fossil fuels. Energy efficiency can reduce our energy needs by 20 per cent and is a major resource that we must use even as we promote renewables.
The author, a former member of the Planning Commission, is Chairman of Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe).
Source: Business.Rediff
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Saturday, 12 December 09
QUEENSLAND APPROVES A$4 BILLION COAL TERMINAL PROJECT
Queensland’s state government said it has signed a mandate approving development of the A$4 billion ($3.7 billion) Wiggins Island coal termina ...
Saturday, 12 December 09
INDONESIA'S COAL RUSH - SOOTY SUCCESS
Rising demand from China and India is stoking Indonesia’s exports of coal
FOR power stations on the coast of China, it is often cheaper to ...
Thursday, 10 December 09
ENVIROCOAL REGISTERED IN 33 COUNTRIES
PT Adaro concerned to register the brand overseas
PT Adaro Energy Tbk has registered the Envirocoal trademark for its coal products in 33 countri ...
Thursday, 10 December 09
INDIA TO IMPORT 28 MILLION TONNE OF STEAM COAL
Faced with short supply of coal from domestic sources, the Indian power ministry has revised upwards its coal import target for the current fiscal t ...
Thursday, 10 December 09
INDONESIA'S NEW MINING LAW WILL NOT LIMIT COAL EXPORTS, SAYS GOVERNMENT
The government will allow coal producers to continue exporting even if they miss domestic sales requirements, a senior mining official said, marking ...
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- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
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- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
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- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
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- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
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- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
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- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
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- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
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- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
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- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
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- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
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- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
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- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- The University of Queensland
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
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- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
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