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Wednesday, 20 October 21
OVER-RELIANCE ON COAL IN OUR POWER MIX HURTING INDIA - LIVEMINT
In spite of the renewables push, coal still accounts for about 50% of India’s installed power capacity. That means a simultaneous demand and supply shock, as happening now, can disrupt power generation.
The current shortage of coal is raising the spectre of long power outages. At a broader level, the crisis also underscores India’s overwhelming dependence on coal to meet its energy needs, the significant push towards renewables notwithstanding. As of September 2021, thermal power— power generated from burning coal, gas and petroleum—comprised 60% of India’s installed capacity in power generation. Coal alone accounted for nearly 50%. By comparison, renewable sources such as wind and solar energy and biomass accounted for 26%.
European countries lead the way in renewable sources, which are more sustainable and environment-friendly. Germany, for example, drew 44% of its electricity from renewables in the first half of 2021. For India, that figure was just 10% in 2019-20, against the installed capacity share of 26%. While installed capacity represents the maximum amount of electricity that can be generated, the actual amount generated from renewables is lower due to their erratic nature. For instance, lack of sufficient wind on a given day would lead to lower energy produced from wind turbines.
While India is expected to tide over the current coal shortage, the only way it can secure its longer-term energy security is by ramping up production from renewables. However, in the medium term, it is also imperative to upgrade infrastructure at coal mining facilities, and open up existing mines to the private sector for mining to augment the supply of coal. Failure to do so will leave it vulnerable to imbalances in supply—and have deleterious trickle-down effects, as being seen now.
Supply Crunch
Coal production has picked up in the current financial year and exceeds pre-pandemic levels. In the six-month period from April to September 2021, India produced 315 million tonnes of coal, a 5.5% increase over the corresponding period of 2019 (pre-pandemic). However, there has been a secular stagnation in coal production since 2017, with the rise in production not keeping pace with increasing demand.
State-owned Coal India dominates coal production in the country, accounting for about 85% of the coal produced in the first six months of 2021-22. In addition to domestic production, India imports nearly 25% of its coal requirement. Coal imports too had fallen sharply in 2020-21, due to supply shortages and the ensuing increase in global coal prices. In a move that will enhance imports, the Centre has ordered thermal power producers to import coal for at least 10% blending in their fuel, citing a shortage of domestic supply.
Production Woes
There is, currently, a crippling shortage of coal at thermal power plants. At an all-India level, the normative stock of coal required across all power plants is 39.7 million tonnes. However, the coal stock available on 15 October with these plants stood at 7.5 million tonnes, or about 19% of the stock required, according to the Central Electricity Authority. That same day, as many as 104 of the 135 coal-based plants in India had less than five days’ stock of coal remaining, which is deemed to be ‘critical’ for plants that are located near a coal mine.
The shortage is stark across states in all regions. The northern region, which is distant from most coal-producing regions, is the worst-affected, with around 91% of thermal plants facing shortages. By comparison, the western region, which includes mineral-rich Chhattisgarh, is slightly better off, with the coal shortage affecting around 74% of power plants there.
Price Spikes
The current concern regarding coal supplies has led to a spike in electricity costs. The supply arrangement in India is that distribution companies, mostly state-owned, enter into direct purchase agreements with power producers. In the event that producers are unable to fulfil their commitments, or demand exceeds contracted supply, distribution companies buy from sellers in the open market.
Data from the Indian Energy Exchange (IEX), a marketplace for short-term electricity trading in India, shows that electricity prices rose nearly five-fold over the past month in reaction to news regarding the impending shortage of coal. Considering that end prices paid by consumers remained fixed, distribution companies, which are already in a precarious financial position, were forced to bear the brunt of this higher price. Although rates have slid back to normal levels again, this upheaval is a grim reminder of the centrality of coal in India’s power mix and why this needs to change.
Source: Livemint
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Friday, 22 October 21
CHINA WANTS TO COOL COAL PRICES. SIMILAR MOVES FOR METALS, CRUDE FAILED - REUTERS
China’s latest attempt to lower runaway commodity prices, this time for thermal coal, is likely to follow a familiar pattern of initial succe ...
Friday, 22 October 21
HARD COAL REMAINS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR SECURITY OF SUPPLY - COAL IMPORTERS ASSOCIATION, GERMANY
- Hard coal remains an important factor for security of supply
- Increase of around 35% in hard-coal-fired power generation in the first three ...
Wednesday, 20 October 21
CHINA'S COAL SHORTAGE TO EASE IN COMING MONTHS, INDUSTRY BODY SAYS - REUTERS
China’s coal shortage will likely ease in coming months, with domestic production and imports already showing signs of picking up, a coal ind ...
Wednesday, 20 October 21
CHINA'S RAW COAL OUTPUT DROPS IN SEPTEMBER - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output dropped 0.9 percent year on year to 330 million tonnes last month, data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) ...
Wednesday, 20 October 21
CHINA COAL HITS RECORD HIGH AMID TIGHT SUPPLIES - REUTERS
China coal prices hit a record high on Tuesday buoyed by a widening power crunch and cold weather despite Beijing’s efforts to bolster supply ...
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- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- PTC India Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- The University of Queensland
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- VISA Power Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
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