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Wednesday, 20 October 21
OVER-RELIANCE ON COAL IN OUR POWER MIX HURTING INDIA - LIVEMINT
In spite of the renewables push, coal still accounts for about 50% of India’s installed power capacity. That means a simultaneous demand and supply shock, as happening now, can disrupt power generation.
The current shortage of coal is raising the spectre of long power outages. At a broader level, the crisis also underscores India’s overwhelming dependence on coal to meet its energy needs, the significant push towards renewables notwithstanding. As of September 2021, thermal power— power generated from burning coal, gas and petroleum—comprised 60% of India’s installed capacity in power generation. Coal alone accounted for nearly 50%. By comparison, renewable sources such as wind and solar energy and biomass accounted for 26%.
European countries lead the way in renewable sources, which are more sustainable and environment-friendly. Germany, for example, drew 44% of its electricity from renewables in the first half of 2021. For India, that figure was just 10% in 2019-20, against the installed capacity share of 26%. While installed capacity represents the maximum amount of electricity that can be generated, the actual amount generated from renewables is lower due to their erratic nature. For instance, lack of sufficient wind on a given day would lead to lower energy produced from wind turbines.
While India is expected to tide over the current coal shortage, the only way it can secure its longer-term energy security is by ramping up production from renewables. However, in the medium term, it is also imperative to upgrade infrastructure at coal mining facilities, and open up existing mines to the private sector for mining to augment the supply of coal. Failure to do so will leave it vulnerable to imbalances in supply—and have deleterious trickle-down effects, as being seen now.
Supply Crunch
Coal production has picked up in the current financial year and exceeds pre-pandemic levels. In the six-month period from April to September 2021, India produced 315 million tonnes of coal, a 5.5% increase over the corresponding period of 2019 (pre-pandemic). However, there has been a secular stagnation in coal production since 2017, with the rise in production not keeping pace with increasing demand.
State-owned Coal India dominates coal production in the country, accounting for about 85% of the coal produced in the first six months of 2021-22. In addition to domestic production, India imports nearly 25% of its coal requirement. Coal imports too had fallen sharply in 2020-21, due to supply shortages and the ensuing increase in global coal prices. In a move that will enhance imports, the Centre has ordered thermal power producers to import coal for at least 10% blending in their fuel, citing a shortage of domestic supply.
Production Woes
There is, currently, a crippling shortage of coal at thermal power plants. At an all-India level, the normative stock of coal required across all power plants is 39.7 million tonnes. However, the coal stock available on 15 October with these plants stood at 7.5 million tonnes, or about 19% of the stock required, according to the Central Electricity Authority. That same day, as many as 104 of the 135 coal-based plants in India had less than five days’ stock of coal remaining, which is deemed to be ‘critical’ for plants that are located near a coal mine.
The shortage is stark across states in all regions. The northern region, which is distant from most coal-producing regions, is the worst-affected, with around 91% of thermal plants facing shortages. By comparison, the western region, which includes mineral-rich Chhattisgarh, is slightly better off, with the coal shortage affecting around 74% of power plants there.
Price Spikes
The current concern regarding coal supplies has led to a spike in electricity costs. The supply arrangement in India is that distribution companies, mostly state-owned, enter into direct purchase agreements with power producers. In the event that producers are unable to fulfil their commitments, or demand exceeds contracted supply, distribution companies buy from sellers in the open market.
Data from the Indian Energy Exchange (IEX), a marketplace for short-term electricity trading in India, shows that electricity prices rose nearly five-fold over the past month in reaction to news regarding the impending shortage of coal. Considering that end prices paid by consumers remained fixed, distribution companies, which are already in a precarious financial position, were forced to bear the brunt of this higher price. Although rates have slid back to normal levels again, this upheaval is a grim reminder of the centrality of coal in India’s power mix and why this needs to change.
Source: Livemint
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Friday, 22 October 21
CHINA WANTS TO COOL COAL PRICES. SIMILAR MOVES FOR METALS, CRUDE FAILED - REUTERS
China’s latest attempt to lower runaway commodity prices, this time for thermal coal, is likely to follow a familiar pattern of initial succe ...
Friday, 22 October 21
HARD COAL REMAINS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR SECURITY OF SUPPLY - COAL IMPORTERS ASSOCIATION, GERMANY
- Hard coal remains an important factor for security of supply
- Increase of around 35% in hard-coal-fired power generation in the first three ...
Wednesday, 20 October 21
CHINA'S COAL SHORTAGE TO EASE IN COMING MONTHS, INDUSTRY BODY SAYS - REUTERS
China’s coal shortage will likely ease in coming months, with domestic production and imports already showing signs of picking up, a coal ind ...
Wednesday, 20 October 21
CHINA'S RAW COAL OUTPUT DROPS IN SEPTEMBER - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output dropped 0.9 percent year on year to 330 million tonnes last month, data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) ...
Wednesday, 20 October 21
CHINA COAL HITS RECORD HIGH AMID TIGHT SUPPLIES - REUTERS
China coal prices hit a record high on Tuesday buoyed by a widening power crunch and cold weather despite Beijing’s efforts to bolster supply ...
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- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- The University of Queensland
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Australian Coal Association
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
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