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Wednesday, 20 October 21
OVER-RELIANCE ON COAL IN OUR POWER MIX HURTING INDIA - LIVEMINT
In spite of the renewables push, coal still accounts for about 50% of India’s installed power capacity. That means a simultaneous demand and supply shock, as happening now, can disrupt power generation.
The current shortage of coal is raising the spectre of long power outages. At a broader level, the crisis also underscores India’s overwhelming dependence on coal to meet its energy needs, the significant push towards renewables notwithstanding. As of September 2021, thermal power— power generated from burning coal, gas and petroleum—comprised 60% of India’s installed capacity in power generation. Coal alone accounted for nearly 50%. By comparison, renewable sources such as wind and solar energy and biomass accounted for 26%.
European countries lead the way in renewable sources, which are more sustainable and environment-friendly. Germany, for example, drew 44% of its electricity from renewables in the first half of 2021. For India, that figure was just 10% in 2019-20, against the installed capacity share of 26%. While installed capacity represents the maximum amount of electricity that can be generated, the actual amount generated from renewables is lower due to their erratic nature. For instance, lack of sufficient wind on a given day would lead to lower energy produced from wind turbines.
While India is expected to tide over the current coal shortage, the only way it can secure its longer-term energy security is by ramping up production from renewables. However, in the medium term, it is also imperative to upgrade infrastructure at coal mining facilities, and open up existing mines to the private sector for mining to augment the supply of coal. Failure to do so will leave it vulnerable to imbalances in supply—and have deleterious trickle-down effects, as being seen now.
Supply Crunch
Coal production has picked up in the current financial year and exceeds pre-pandemic levels. In the six-month period from April to September 2021, India produced 315 million tonnes of coal, a 5.5% increase over the corresponding period of 2019 (pre-pandemic). However, there has been a secular stagnation in coal production since 2017, with the rise in production not keeping pace with increasing demand.
State-owned Coal India dominates coal production in the country, accounting for about 85% of the coal produced in the first six months of 2021-22. In addition to domestic production, India imports nearly 25% of its coal requirement. Coal imports too had fallen sharply in 2020-21, due to supply shortages and the ensuing increase in global coal prices. In a move that will enhance imports, the Centre has ordered thermal power producers to import coal for at least 10% blending in their fuel, citing a shortage of domestic supply.
Production Woes
There is, currently, a crippling shortage of coal at thermal power plants. At an all-India level, the normative stock of coal required across all power plants is 39.7 million tonnes. However, the coal stock available on 15 October with these plants stood at 7.5 million tonnes, or about 19% of the stock required, according to the Central Electricity Authority. That same day, as many as 104 of the 135 coal-based plants in India had less than five days’ stock of coal remaining, which is deemed to be ‘critical’ for plants that are located near a coal mine.
The shortage is stark across states in all regions. The northern region, which is distant from most coal-producing regions, is the worst-affected, with around 91% of thermal plants facing shortages. By comparison, the western region, which includes mineral-rich Chhattisgarh, is slightly better off, with the coal shortage affecting around 74% of power plants there.
Price Spikes
The current concern regarding coal supplies has led to a spike in electricity costs. The supply arrangement in India is that distribution companies, mostly state-owned, enter into direct purchase agreements with power producers. In the event that producers are unable to fulfil their commitments, or demand exceeds contracted supply, distribution companies buy from sellers in the open market.
Data from the Indian Energy Exchange (IEX), a marketplace for short-term electricity trading in India, shows that electricity prices rose nearly five-fold over the past month in reaction to news regarding the impending shortage of coal. Considering that end prices paid by consumers remained fixed, distribution companies, which are already in a precarious financial position, were forced to bear the brunt of this higher price. Although rates have slid back to normal levels again, this upheaval is a grim reminder of the centrality of coal in India’s power mix and why this needs to change.
Source: Livemint
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Friday, 22 October 21
CHINA WANTS TO COOL COAL PRICES. SIMILAR MOVES FOR METALS, CRUDE FAILED - REUTERS
China’s latest attempt to lower runaway commodity prices, this time for thermal coal, is likely to follow a familiar pattern of initial succe ...
Friday, 22 October 21
HARD COAL REMAINS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR SECURITY OF SUPPLY - COAL IMPORTERS ASSOCIATION, GERMANY
- Hard coal remains an important factor for security of supply
- Increase of around 35% in hard-coal-fired power generation in the first three ...
Wednesday, 20 October 21
CHINA'S COAL SHORTAGE TO EASE IN COMING MONTHS, INDUSTRY BODY SAYS - REUTERS
China’s coal shortage will likely ease in coming months, with domestic production and imports already showing signs of picking up, a coal ind ...
Wednesday, 20 October 21
CHINA'S RAW COAL OUTPUT DROPS IN SEPTEMBER - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output dropped 0.9 percent year on year to 330 million tonnes last month, data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) ...
Wednesday, 20 October 21
CHINA COAL HITS RECORD HIGH AMID TIGHT SUPPLIES - REUTERS
China coal prices hit a record high on Tuesday buoyed by a widening power crunch and cold weather despite Beijing’s efforts to bolster supply ...
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- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Australian Coal Association
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Planning Commission, India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
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