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Wednesday, 20 October 21
OVER-RELIANCE ON COAL IN OUR POWER MIX HURTING INDIA - LIVEMINT
In spite of the renewables push, coal still accounts for about 50% of India’s installed power capacity. That means a simultaneous demand and supply shock, as happening now, can disrupt power generation.
The current shortage of coal is raising the spectre of long power outages. At a broader level, the crisis also underscores India’s overwhelming dependence on coal to meet its energy needs, the significant push towards renewables notwithstanding. As of September 2021, thermal power— power generated from burning coal, gas and petroleum—comprised 60% of India’s installed capacity in power generation. Coal alone accounted for nearly 50%. By comparison, renewable sources such as wind and solar energy and biomass accounted for 26%.
European countries lead the way in renewable sources, which are more sustainable and environment-friendly. Germany, for example, drew 44% of its electricity from renewables in the first half of 2021. For India, that figure was just 10% in 2019-20, against the installed capacity share of 26%. While installed capacity represents the maximum amount of electricity that can be generated, the actual amount generated from renewables is lower due to their erratic nature. For instance, lack of sufficient wind on a given day would lead to lower energy produced from wind turbines.
While India is expected to tide over the current coal shortage, the only way it can secure its longer-term energy security is by ramping up production from renewables. However, in the medium term, it is also imperative to upgrade infrastructure at coal mining facilities, and open up existing mines to the private sector for mining to augment the supply of coal. Failure to do so will leave it vulnerable to imbalances in supply—and have deleterious trickle-down effects, as being seen now.
Supply Crunch
Coal production has picked up in the current financial year and exceeds pre-pandemic levels. In the six-month period from April to September 2021, India produced 315 million tonnes of coal, a 5.5% increase over the corresponding period of 2019 (pre-pandemic). However, there has been a secular stagnation in coal production since 2017, with the rise in production not keeping pace with increasing demand.
State-owned Coal India dominates coal production in the country, accounting for about 85% of the coal produced in the first six months of 2021-22. In addition to domestic production, India imports nearly 25% of its coal requirement. Coal imports too had fallen sharply in 2020-21, due to supply shortages and the ensuing increase in global coal prices. In a move that will enhance imports, the Centre has ordered thermal power producers to import coal for at least 10% blending in their fuel, citing a shortage of domestic supply.
Production Woes
There is, currently, a crippling shortage of coal at thermal power plants. At an all-India level, the normative stock of coal required across all power plants is 39.7 million tonnes. However, the coal stock available on 15 October with these plants stood at 7.5 million tonnes, or about 19% of the stock required, according to the Central Electricity Authority. That same day, as many as 104 of the 135 coal-based plants in India had less than five days’ stock of coal remaining, which is deemed to be ‘critical’ for plants that are located near a coal mine.
The shortage is stark across states in all regions. The northern region, which is distant from most coal-producing regions, is the worst-affected, with around 91% of thermal plants facing shortages. By comparison, the western region, which includes mineral-rich Chhattisgarh, is slightly better off, with the coal shortage affecting around 74% of power plants there.
Price Spikes
The current concern regarding coal supplies has led to a spike in electricity costs. The supply arrangement in India is that distribution companies, mostly state-owned, enter into direct purchase agreements with power producers. In the event that producers are unable to fulfil their commitments, or demand exceeds contracted supply, distribution companies buy from sellers in the open market.
Data from the Indian Energy Exchange (IEX), a marketplace for short-term electricity trading in India, shows that electricity prices rose nearly five-fold over the past month in reaction to news regarding the impending shortage of coal. Considering that end prices paid by consumers remained fixed, distribution companies, which are already in a precarious financial position, were forced to bear the brunt of this higher price. Although rates have slid back to normal levels again, this upheaval is a grim reminder of the centrality of coal in India’s power mix and why this needs to change.
Source: Livemint
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Monday, 25 October 21
A QUESTION OF POSSESSION - THE BALTIC EXCHANGE
Possession and tangibility are closely related concepts long established under English law. Yet a change to these concepts is around the corner. Th ...
Monday, 25 October 21
CHINA VOWS TO SEVERELY PUNISH MARKET VIOLATIONS AMID LOW COAL FUTURES PRICES - GLOBAL TIMES
Domestic coal futures had plunged for three consecutive trading days after the government vowed to crack down on soaring prices, and China’s ...
Monday, 25 October 21
FARMERS MAY JOIN THE COAL COMMODITY MARKET TO REDUCE RISKS - GLOBAL TIMES
A recent trip to by the Global Times to East China’s Shandong Province to get a glimpse of China’s coal supply chain revealed a surpris ...
Monday, 25 October 21
CHINA COAL PRICES MARK WORST WEEK SINCE MAY ON GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION - REUTERS
China’s thermal coal futures plunged on Friday and turned in their worst week in five months, following Beijing’s strongest interventio ...
Friday, 22 October 21
THE BIG PICTURE: ENERGY MARKETS - BREAK WAVE ADVISORS
The shipping markets have been pulled further into wild markets of coal and other energy sources. Given how nebulous this sector is, it’s alw ...
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- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
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- VISA Power Limited - India
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- PTC India Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
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- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
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- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
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- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
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- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
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- Romanian Commodities Exchange
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- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
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- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
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- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
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- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
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- Videocon Industries ltd - India
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- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
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- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
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- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
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- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
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- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
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- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
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- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
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- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
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- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
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- Ministry of Mines - Canada
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- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
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- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
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- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
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- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Planning Commission, India
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