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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Tuesday, 20 March 18
TRAFIGURA GROUP PTE LTD SIGNS RECORD US$5.725 BILLION EUROPEAN MULTICURRENCY SYNDICATED REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITIES AND JPY72.64 BILLION DENOMINATED THREE YEAR TERM LOAN
Press Release: Trafigura Group Pte Ltd. (“Trafigura” or the “Company”), a market leader in the global commodities industry, ...
Monday, 19 March 18
PANAMAX: DESPITE FEWER REPORTED PERIOD TRADES THIS WEEK, RATE LEVELS HAVE REMAINED SOLID - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
There were finally reports of increased Brazil activity, but still largely unconfirmed. Vale reportedly took six ships Thursday for 5 Ap ...
Friday, 16 March 18
WEEKLY US COAL PRODUCTION DROPS 1.9 PER CENT WEEK OVER WEEK - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s second largest coal producers have produced approximately totaled an estimated 14.8 million short tons ...
Friday, 16 March 18
INDONESIA COAL PRICE CAP POSES LIMITED RISKS TO PRODUCERS : FITCH
Indonesia’s cap on the benchmark price of coal sold to the domestic electricity sector is unlikely to have a significant impact on the credit ...
Thursday, 15 March 18
SUPRAMAX: INDO TO CHINA COAL ROUNDS ARE PAYING IN THE LOW $13K TO S. CHINA AND HIGH $13K TO NORTH IN CHINA
Supramax
More activity from USG , front hauls to Far East have settled around $25000, and to Cont around $20000. Stable gain again in Black Sea w ...
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Showing 1766 to 1770 news of total 6871 |
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- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- PTC India Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- White Energy Company Limited
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Parliament of New Zealand
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
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