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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Sunday, 10 November 13
PANAMAX COAL FREIGHT RATES REMAIN UNDER PRESSURE; SUPRAMAX BIGGEST GAINER - REDDY
COALspot.com: The freight market was up this week with all indices increased except for Panamax index.
The BDI was up by 56 points closing at 158 ...
Friday, 08 November 13
DRY BULK MARKET BOUNCES BACK ON RENEWED DEMAND - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market staged a mild comeback this week, as the industry's benchmark, the Baltic Dry Index (BDI) inched forward step by step and bit b ...
Friday, 08 November 13
US'S OCTOBER COAL PRODUCTION INCREASED BY 1.78% M-M - EIA
COALspot.com – United States the world’s second largest coal producer, produced approximately 19.3 million short tons (mmst) of coal in ...
Thursday, 07 November 13
FORMOSA PLASTICS SEEKS 80K MT OF 5850 GAR COAL
COALspot.com: Taiwan's Formosa Plastics Group is inviting bids for 80,000 mt of bituminous coal for delivery in Nov - Dec'13 for its Chi ...
Thursday, 07 November 13
INDONESIAN COAL EXPORT VOLUME INCREASED; REVENUE DECREASED
COALspot.com: Indonesia, the 15th largest economy, 4th largest coal producer in the world and world's largest multi grade coal exporter shipp ...
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- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Parliament of New Zealand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- The University of Queensland
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
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