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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Sunday, 10 November 13
PANAMAX COAL FREIGHT RATES REMAIN UNDER PRESSURE; SUPRAMAX BIGGEST GAINER - REDDY
COALspot.com: The freight market was up this week with all indices increased except for Panamax index.
The BDI was up by 56 points closing at 158 ...
Friday, 08 November 13
DRY BULK MARKET BOUNCES BACK ON RENEWED DEMAND - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market staged a mild comeback this week, as the industry's benchmark, the Baltic Dry Index (BDI) inched forward step by step and bit b ...
Friday, 08 November 13
US'S OCTOBER COAL PRODUCTION INCREASED BY 1.78% M-M - EIA
COALspot.com – United States the world’s second largest coal producer, produced approximately 19.3 million short tons (mmst) of coal in ...
Thursday, 07 November 13
FORMOSA PLASTICS SEEKS 80K MT OF 5850 GAR COAL
COALspot.com: Taiwan's Formosa Plastics Group is inviting bids for 80,000 mt of bituminous coal for delivery in Nov - Dec'13 for its Chi ...
Thursday, 07 November 13
INDONESIAN COAL EXPORT VOLUME INCREASED; REVENUE DECREASED
COALspot.com: Indonesia, the 15th largest economy, 4th largest coal producer in the world and world's largest multi grade coal exporter shipp ...
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- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Australian Coal Association
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Parliament of New Zealand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- PTC India Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Planning Commission, India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Minerals Council of Australia
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