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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Sunday, 10 November 13
PANAMAX COAL FREIGHT RATES REMAIN UNDER PRESSURE; SUPRAMAX BIGGEST GAINER - REDDY
COALspot.com: The freight market was up this week with all indices increased except for Panamax index.
The BDI was up by 56 points closing at 158 ...
Friday, 08 November 13
DRY BULK MARKET BOUNCES BACK ON RENEWED DEMAND - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market staged a mild comeback this week, as the industry's benchmark, the Baltic Dry Index (BDI) inched forward step by step and bit b ...
Friday, 08 November 13
US'S OCTOBER COAL PRODUCTION INCREASED BY 1.78% M-M - EIA
COALspot.com – United States the world’s second largest coal producer, produced approximately 19.3 million short tons (mmst) of coal in ...
Thursday, 07 November 13
FORMOSA PLASTICS SEEKS 80K MT OF 5850 GAR COAL
COALspot.com: Taiwan's Formosa Plastics Group is inviting bids for 80,000 mt of bituminous coal for delivery in Nov - Dec'13 for its Chi ...
Thursday, 07 November 13
INDONESIAN COAL EXPORT VOLUME INCREASED; REVENUE DECREASED
COALspot.com: Indonesia, the 15th largest economy, 4th largest coal producer in the world and world's largest multi grade coal exporter shipp ...
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- Posco Energy - South Korea
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Planning Commission, India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- PTC India Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Australian Coal Association
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
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