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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Sunday, 03 November 13
H2' 2014 INDONESIAN COAL PRICE ( SWAPS) SHOWS POSITIVE TREND
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swap (FOB ) for average Q1’2014 delivery gained 0.24 percept week on week on Friday 1 ...
Sunday, 03 November 13
THE CAPE SIZE INDEX FELL 13.61 PCT W-W
COALspot.com: The freight market continued to soften on the cape and panamax sectors , however the supramax and handy size remained fairly firm.
...
Saturday, 02 November 13
DRY BULK SHIPPERS AREN'T CELEBRATING, BUT THEIR SILENCE IS GOLDEN - MARKET REALIST
In October, performance for major dry bulk shipping companies was mixed. Companies like DryShips Inc. (DRYS) had pulled back more than Diana Shippin ...
Friday, 01 November 13
US'S COAL PRODUCTION UP 0.9 PERCENT W-W
COALspot.com – United States the world’s second largest coal producer, produced approximately 19.3 million short tons (mmst) of coal in ...
Friday, 01 November 13
DRY BULK MARKET IN FIRST POSITIVE SIGN IN DAYS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
Owners of dry bulk carriers are well aware of the rollercoaster ride that has been the market for their vessels over the past few years. This trend ...
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- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Australian Coal Association
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- The University of Queensland
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- PTC India Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
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