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Thursday, 07 November 13
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S RISING WATER CHALLENGE - WOOD MACKENZIE
 Water poses a variety of business risks for the energy industry, and could play an influential role in shaping the future energy supply mix, according to Wood Mackenzie's latest research report "Troubled waters ahead? Rising water risks on the global energy industry", which utilizes data and maps from the World Resources Institute (WRI).
Working with WRI’s Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas, Wood Mackenzie identified that water risks could have the greatest impact on (1) shale gas in the US and with global expansion, (2) the upside for Middle East oil, and (3) China’s future coal mining and coal-fired power plants. Aqueduct mapped key energy production centers over baseline water stress levels (measuring the ratio of total water withdrawals to available supply). The analysis identified areas more likely to see high competition amongst local water users, increased depletion of the resource over time, and growing concerns over contamination of dwindling water supplies.
"The key water-driven business risks to the global energy industry include limited accessibility to new sources of supply, delays on project developments, increasing costs and asset downtime," said Tara Schmidt, Manager of Wood Mackenzie's Global Trends Service.
Almost all forms of energy production and power generation are dependent on water, and risks vary greatly by fuel type and asset location.
"Water is a risk to the energy industry. By progressing with innovative technologies, advanced water management practices and public policy engagement, the industry can rise to the challenge of reducing shared water risks," explained Paul Reig, Associate with WRI’s Aqueduct project.
Overall, the energy sector is the world’s largest industrial water user, at more than 15 percent of global supply and growing. The industry is under increasing scrutiny from the government and public on how it uses freshwater supplies.
"Some of the solutions to reduce water-driven risks include new technology implementation to improve operational environmental performance, and most importantly, early stakeholder engagement in the river basins, particularly with governments, to identify opportunities to collectively reduce water risks," added Reig.
Around the globe, access to water varies greatly depending on where assets are located, and thus on the local climate and socio-political conditions. The largest production locations for unconventional gas, oil and coal are in the US, Middle East and China, in areas of those countries that also happen to be some of the most water stressed.
Shale Gas in the US and with Global Expansion
If shale gas production is really to take off globally, government and public concerns over water use and contamination need to be addressed.
"The research shows that more than half of shale and tight gas reserves in the U.S. - as well as the top 10 countries by reserves volumes outside the US - are located in medium to extremely high baseline water stress areas, where competition is high with other local water users and concerns over water quality exist," explained Reig.
As a result, energy companies operating in these areas face risks of limited access to new sources of supply, and potential well cost increases of up to 15 percent, or sometimes substantially more.
However, across the global energy supply mix, unconventional gas holds some of the most promising opportunities to halve or altogether eliminate its water use with saline water sourcing, recycling and 'green completions’ – and potentially offset well cost increases as a result.
Likewise, some companies are beginning to address public concerns over water contamination with water impact assessment reporting and via collaborative public policy consortiums to more openly engage on shale gas production standards.
"Wood Mackenzie expects this trend in increasing transparency and public engagement to continue, as companies move into international markets with more pressing water concerns," added Schmidt.
Upside for Middle East oil
Middle East oil production is already facing constraints from inadequate water infrastructure for asset developments, and growing oil demand for local desalination needs will only exacerbate the situation.
"Inadequate water infrastructure contributes to significant project delays, and constrains opportunities to maximise production in the longer-term with more water-intensive enhanced recovery, completion techniques and recent shale gas exploration (such as in Saudi Arabia)," added Schmidt.
Lack of water injection for some of Iraq's biggest oil fields in the south is costing the region’s largest growing oil producer hundreds of thousands of barrels of oil per day.
With the central issue being the region's lack of water, both governments and energy companies are working to improve water management in the region by improving water infrastructure, conserving resources, and leveraging more efficient desalination technologies.
China's future coal mining and power plants
China’s coal mining and coal-fired power plants could face increasing water risks in the future, due to expanding operations in the water-stressed north and western provinces. According to Aqueduct, over 70 percent of China’s coal-fired power generation capacity is already located in areas of medium to extremely high baseline water stress.
Exacerbating the water challenge, coal production in these water-stressed areas is expected to increase 50 percent by 2030 while power output is expected to more than double.
"With the vast majority of China's water resources in the south, and the vast majority of new coal production coming on-stream in the north, the country is likely to face significant water constraints and conflicting water interests between population and industry," concluded Reig.
"Consequently, coal mining and power companies are likely to face future cost pressures in responding to government aspirations to minimize water use – be that from addressing regulatory changes, accessing water supplies and/or mitigating potential operational disruptions," said Schmidt.
In response to the challenge, coal companies are starting to mitigate their exposure by investing in water recycling and more water-efficient technologies – as well as working with other water users in search of collective solutions. For instance, some power companies are installing air cooling systems which could reduce up to two-thirds of their overall water use, while some coal producers are investing in waste water recycling.
Technology, Transparency & Engagement
Water risks could be leveled out in the future with technology, transparency and engagement offering opportunities to minimise risks for all fuel types. Companies can successfully deliver on these opportunities by:
1. Better understanding their operational water requirements,
2. Identifying their own water-driven business risks, and
3. Developing a clear and publicly available water strategy.
The big questions for energy companies are what future regulatory uncertainty they could face, where assets are located in water-stressed areas, and how they respond to rising water-driven business risks. If companies fail to rise to the challenge, there could be troubled waters ahead – posing risks to companies’ growth and the future energy supply mix.
About Wood Mackenzie
Wood Mackenzie is the most comprehensive source of knowledge about the world’s energy and metals industries. We analyse and advise on every stage along the value chain - from discovery to delivery, and beyond - to provide clients with the commercial insight that makes them stronger. For more information visit: www.woodmac.com
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Wednesday, 13 November 13
Q3' 14 CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAPS CLOSED HIGHER THAN Q1' 14 PRICES
COALspot.com : API 8 CFR South China Coal swaps for average Q1 14 delivery gained 0.55 percept W-W on Friday 8 November 2013. The CFR South China Co ...
Wednesday, 13 November 13
THE SOFTENING HAS AFFECTED THE BIGGER SIZE SEGMENTS; SMALLER ONES STILL APPEAR TO BE VERY STABLE - INTERMODAL
After a month and a half of back to back weekly declines, the dry bulk market has finally reversed its negative course. We believe that there should ...
Wednesday, 13 November 13
DRY BULK MARKET HAS REVERSED ITS NEGATIVE COURSE - INTERMODAL
Chartering (Wet: Firm+ / Dry: Stable+ )
The Dry Bulk market has reversed its negative course this past week with rates for Capes making up fo ...
Wednesday, 13 November 13
NEWCASTLE COAL EXPORTS PLUNGE 12.40% IN W/E 10 NOVEMBER FROM THE PRIOR WEEK
COALspot.com: In the week ended November 11, power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from the port of Newcastle in Queensland, totaled 2.42 ...
Monday, 11 November 13
TAMIL NADU STATE OWNED POWER GENERATOR TO IMPORT 3.7 MMT OF 6000 GAD COAL
COALspot.com - TANGEDCO, Tamil Nadu Generation & Distribution Corporation Ltd, Tamil Nadu state owned power generator & distributor intends ...
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- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Australian Coal Association
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- VISA Power Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- The University of Queensland
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- White Energy Company Limited
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
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