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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Wednesday, 01 May 13
NEWCASTLE PORT SHIPPED 23.14 PER CENT MORE COAL WEEK ON WEEK
COALspot.com - Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 2,997,729 tons of thermal and coking coal for week ended 0700 hours 29 April 2013, Newca ...
Tuesday, 30 April 13
KATINGAN RIA THERMAL COAL TO START PRODUCTION FROM EARLY 2014
COALspot.com - Realm Resources Ltd. (ASX: RRP) has announced the completion of the Feasibility Study for its 51% owned Katingan Ria thermal co ...
Monday, 29 April 13
FIRST TRADES OF SGX API 8 CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP
COALspot.com - The SGX API 8 CFR South China Coal Swap went live for clearing on SGX-DC today with a total volume of 25,000 metric tonnes (25 lots). ...
Sunday, 28 April 13
SUB BIT INDONESIA COAL & CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAPS STAY POSITIVE
COALspot.com - Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average May 2013 delivery has gained 0.34 percent and CFR South China coal shipment gai ...
Sunday, 28 April 13
PANAMAX FREIGHT COULD BE SOFT NEXT WEEK - CAPT. REDDY
COALspot.com - This BDI closed slightly lower at 871 points (down by 1.91 pct) mainly due to drop in the Panamax index by almost 10 pct.
Th ...
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- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- PTC India Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Planning Commission, India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- White Energy Company Limited
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
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