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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Thursday, 09 May 13
THE WORLD LARGEST POWER PLANT COAL EXPORTER SHIPPED 36 MILLION TONS OF COAL IN MARCH
COALspot.com: Indonesia, the world largest multi grade coal exporter has shipped 36.165* million tons of coal in March 2013.
Ac ...
Thursday, 09 May 13
DRY BULK SHIP OWNERS KEEP BUILDING NEW VESSELS ON THE BACK OF LOWER PRICES AND IMPROVED MARKET PROSPECTS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
Despite the doom and gloom that the dry bulk market has experienced during the past couple of years and especially during 2012, ship owners have inc ...
Thursday, 09 May 13
HANDY : RBCT ROUNDS FIXED AT USD 8000 DOP ECI - FEARNRESEARCH
Handy
The atlantic market started to pick up with new orders. The USG-Feast was at USD 20k and Black sea-feast was at USD 12k. The pacific mkt rema ...
Wednesday, 08 May 13
PANAMAX VESSELS PROVE TO BE "STARS OF THE MONTH" FOR THE DRY BULK MARKET DURING APRIL - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
They have taken a beating on various occasions during the past few years of the dry bulk market's crisis, but the fact remains, that despite the he ...
Tuesday, 07 May 13
NEWCASTLE PORT'S COAL EXPORTS HOLD STEADY WEEK ON WEEK
COALspot.com - Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 2,975,160 tons of thermal and coking coal for week ended 0700 hours 6 May 2013, Newcastl ...
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- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Planning Commission, India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- The University of Queensland
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
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