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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Tuesday, 23 April 13
REALM CONTINUES AS 51% OWNER AND MANAGER OF THE KATINGAN RIA THERMAL COAL PROJECT
COALspot.com - Realm Resources Ltd. (ASX: RRP) has announced today that, the commercial way forward for the development of its 51% held Indonesian t ...
Tuesday, 23 April 13
TIGERS REALM COAL HAS SOME OF THE WORLD'S BEST UNDEVELOPED COKING COAL ASSETS - EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN
COALspot.com - “ During 2012, your Company has made very significant progress towards meeting its stated objective of becoming a global player ...
Tuesday, 23 April 13
AUSTRALIA'S NEWCASTLE PORT COAL SHIPMENTS DROPPED BY 4.38 PERCENT W-O-W
COALspot.com - Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 2,434,336 tons of thermal and coking coal for week ended 0700 hours 22 April 2013, Newca ...
Sunday, 21 April 13
INDONESIA - INDIA COAL FREIGHT RATES ARE FIRMING UP - CAPT. REDDY
COALspot.com – The BDI was up by 1.40 pct closed at 888 points week ended 19 April 2013. The Cape index was down by 2.45 pct closing at 1234 p ...
Friday, 19 April 13
FIRST QUARTER OF 2013 PROVEN A POSITIVE SURPRISE FOR DRY BULK MARKET - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
Despite ominous predictions regarding the negative performance of the dry bulk market during the – traditionally weak anyway – first qua ...
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- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- The University of Queensland
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- White Energy Company Limited
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
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