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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Tuesday, 30 July 13
KOMIPO INVITES BIDS FOR 520,000 MT OF 5,700 KCAL/KG COAL ON NAR BASIS FOR H1, 2014
COALspot.com : Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd. has invited bids for 520,000 Metric Tons (MT) of coal with calorific value 5,700 kcal/kg on NAR basis f ...
Tuesday, 30 July 13
AUSTRALIA'S NEWCASTLE SHIPPED 12.58 PERCENT LESS COAL W-O-W
COALspot.com: Newcastle port in Australia has loaded 2,945,848 tons of coal for the week ended 0700 hours 29 July 2013, Newcastle Port Corp. s ...
Monday, 29 July 13
INDONESIA'S ENERGY NEEDS COULD SPELL GOOD NEWS FOR TANKER OWNERS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
Despite abundant energy resources, Indonesia has still failed meet its own demand, which led to a rising import of crude. According to the latest we ...
Sunday, 28 July 13
SUB-BIT INDONESIA COAL SWAP UP SLIGHTLY FOR SEPTEMBER CARGOES
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average September 2013 delivery slightly up on day and week but fell on month on ...
Saturday, 27 July 13
CEPL INDIA TO BAG 0.3 MILLION TONS OF COAL SUPPLY ORDER FROM TNPL
COALspot.com - An India based coal trader Coastal Energy Private Limited has offered the lowest price of US$ 73.00 per metric ton for calorific valu ...
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- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Australian Coal Association
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
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