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Saturday, 29 May 21
SKULD’S IMO 2020 SULPHUR CAP EXPERIENCE
 More than a year has passed since the International Maritime Organization (IMO) mandate for the 0.50% sulphur cap for marine fuel (MARPOL Annex VI) came into force. The regulation orders ships to only use marine fuels with a sulphur content of no more than 0.50% sulphur. Ships fitted with an approved type of exhaust gas cleaning system (EGCS) or scrubbers may continue to use high sulphur fuel oils. This mandate is part of the IMO efforts to reduce air pollution and improve health and environmental conditions especially for communities close to coastal areas or ports.
Prior to 1 January 2020, there were extensive discussions in the industry on what to expect regarding the challenges VLSFO would pose in terms of operational issues and engine damage as well as challenges regarding supply of VLSFO. The most frequent parameter limits deviating from the ISO 8217 standard, reported by our members and clients, are TSP (Total Sediments Potential), Aluminium and Silicon, Sulphur, Pour Point, Flash Point and Viscosity. We see several cases regarding increased sludge deposits in the fuel system, increased sludge accumulation in the purifiers, as well as clogged fuel oil filters. Others have experienced increased wear and tear of cylinder liners, broken piston rings, fuel pumps or other components, due to increased amounts of catalytic fines in the fuel oil. Some members have de-bunkered fuel which cannot be handled and treated onboard.
Interestingly, the number of claims reported to Skuld are not significantly higher for VLSFO compared to other fuel. If we look at the bad bunker cases in 2019 (FDD and CLH) the number of claims are higher than before the introduction of the IMO 2020 fuel. In 2019 Skuld saw 435 bunker related claims on FDD and CLH combined, compared to 369 in 2020. Skuld also experiences a decrease in bunker related issues and claims in Q1 of 2021 compared to Q1 in 2020. In total, Skuld can report 30 cases so far in 2021.
Skuld always advises its members and clients to perform a proper due diligence when ordering or procuring bunker. It is very important to always conduct a vetting procedure when selecting good bunker suppliers. Always check the sales terms like time bars, sampling clause as well as the warranty as to the fitness of the fuel. Always ask for documentation of fuel batches from the fuel supplier. Ask, and always check the Certificate of Quality prior to bunkering. We also recommend the ISO 8217:2017 standard rather than the more commonly used ISO 8217:2010. Also, avoid mixing of different types of fuels, as VLSFO is very sensitive and even small amounts of co-mingling will make the fuel unstable.
When using VLSFO blends the operators should be aware of the potential operational challenges they may be facing. ISO 8217 does not include testing for WAT (Wax Appearance Temperature) and WDT (Wax Disappearance Temperature), thus measuring only the Pour Point is insufficient to determine the cold flow properties of the fuel. When the WAT and WDT results are high the operator needs to consider increasing the temperature setting of the purifiers, as well as the storage, settling and service tanks.
VLSFO blends which tend to become unstable contain high sediments that tend to fall out of suspension when the fuel is heated above the required temperature. The fuel temperature must then be reduced and maintained as per separator manufacturer’s recommendations. VLSFO with low viscosity, but with a high WDT / WAT, needs to be heated to ensure correct viscosity or stable flow and to prevent wax formation. There is also a risk of operational issues such as wax formation when the fuel temperature drops below the WAT. Fuel with low viscosity, high WDT/WAT and high level of Aluminium + Silicon (cat fines) might be difficult to treat onboard.
Skuld’s members and clients have experienced that the IMO 2020 0.50% Sulphur Cap presents some additional challenges. As a new type of marine fuel being introduced in the industry, crew onboard did not have enough experience on how to handle and treat this type of fuel at the start of 2020. Operational issues, not linked to the fuel quality but more on the understanding of the characteristics or nature of VLSFO, have included issues related to the paraffinic nature of the fuel, cold flow properties, lower viscosity, as well as other parameters. Today, Skuld sees a greater understanding by the industry and operators and less of those ‘mysterious’ problems involving filter clogging and purification problems experienced in the first and second quarter of 2020. The onboard operators are increasingly more familiar with the actual characteristics or nature of VLSFO.
In Skuld’s opinion so far, the IMO 2020 Sulphur Cap represents a successful transition.
Source: Skuld
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Thursday, 25 January 24
THE RED SEA ESCALATION IMPLICATIONS ON GLOBAL SEABORNE TRADE - MARIA BERTZELETOU
In recent days, discussions have intensified about the potential impact on the seaborne trade and ton-miles due to the evolving dynamics of market ...
Thursday, 25 January 24
RED SEA SHIPPING DISRUPTIONS KEEP GEOPOLITICAL PREMIUM FOR COMMODITIES - FITCH RATINGS
Shipping disruptions and re-routing away from the Red Sea will maintain the geopolitical premium in the main commodity markets, including for oil a ...
Friday, 19 January 24
INDONESIA TARGETS 710 MLN METRIC TONS COAL OUTPUT IN 2024 AFTER RECORD 2023 - REUTERS
Indonesia, a major thermal coal exporter, aims to produce 710 million metric tons of coal in 2024, its mining minister said on Monday, after postin ...
Friday, 19 January 24
DRUMMOND COLOMBIA COAL OUTPUT ROSE 7.1% IN 2023 - REUTERS
Coal production from miner Drummond’s Colombia operations rose 7.1% in 2023 to 29.5 million metric tons, while exports declined by 2.6% to 27 ...
Friday, 19 January 24
CHINA'S 2023 COAL OUTPUT HITS RECORD HIGH - REUTERS
China’s coal output reached a record high in 2023, data from the statistics bureau showed on Wednesday, amid an ongoing focus on energy secur ...
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- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Australian Coal Association
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Planning Commission, India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- White Energy Company Limited
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
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