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Monday, 24 February 20
COULD SOME VLSFO FUELS BE BANNED? - GIBSON
 The run up to the implementation of the new IMO rules on marine fuels from1st January 2020 had owners and charterers analysing the various fuelling options said Gibson Ship Brokers in its latest weekly report.
The report further noted that, from late-November there were some delays in receiving the correct bunkers, but overall, considering the scale of what was to be done within the shipping world, the switch seems to have gone smoothly. As with all things that are new, there needs to be some time to bed in and to acclimatize to new rules and regulations. But overall, bunker suppliers have been able to supply on-spec fuels. However, the switch over seems to have brought with it a new and somewhat ominous complication, that of the potential for some blended low sulphur fuels to produce more black carbon than the fuels they replaced. Black carbon emissions are a short-lived pollutant that absorbs sunlight and traps heat in the atmosphere. While it stays in the atmosphere for only a few days or weeks, its impact is that it traps 3200-times more heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide, measured over a 20-year period. When black carbon settles in the Arctic, it reduces the reflectiveness of the snow and ice and generates heat, which accelerates melting. This makes the Arctic – which according to reports is already warming twice as fast as the rest of the world-particularly sensitive to these emissions.
Gibson Ship Broker’s research team further said, black carbon is material produced and emitted as a solid particulate matter from the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels. HFO typically contains approximately 60% aromatics, which contain a higher proportion of carbon than other hydrocarbon types and they have a tendency to smoke when burnt. The recent media interest in the performance of the new VLSFO fuels has pointed out that these fuels are responsible for increased levels of black carbon pollution due to their higher aromatic content. However, whilst it is possible that certain VLSFOs may have elevated aromatic content, it is expected that for VLSFO fuels produced by blending, these will have lower aromatic content than a typical HFO due to the major blended component (distillate) having typically half the aromatic content. Therefore, it is difficult to reason that all VLSFOs, especially those produced from various blends, produce more black carbon due to their aromatic content. However, there is also the added complication that emissions of black carbon are also related to the engine type and its operating load. Slow speed two-stroke engines, used in larger ocean going vessels are considered to have lower black carbon emission factors than higher speed four stroke engines. For larger engines, increasing engine load reduces black carbon emissions, whereas for smaller engines the reverse is true. Vessels that have scrubbers installed provide an approximate 30% reduction in black carbon emissions.
According to Gibson, a study conducted by Finland and Germany and submitted to the IMO found the new VLSFO used by ships contained high levels of aromatic compounds, causing a surge in black carbon emissions. The group have submitted a new proposal to the sub-committee on pollution and prevention response that will meet in late-February in London. They are demanding a prohibition of VLSFO blends that lead to increases in black carbon emissions. They want the IMO to encourage relevant stakeholders to observe a voluntary prohibition on the use of any marine fuel whose aromatic content is likely to lead to black carbon emissions greater than those commonly associated with distillate fuels until a ban comes into effect. The move to lower emission fuels is considered a positive direction within the shipping sector. However, there still seems to be much to be learned with how these fuels are produced and their potential impact on the environment.
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Tuesday, 18 February 20
CORONAVIRUS AND ITS IMPACT ON YOUR CONTRACT - CAN YOU RELY ON 'FORCE MAJEURE'? - INCE
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the outbreak of the Novel Coronavirus (officially t ...
Monday, 17 February 20
IMO-2020 SULPHUR CAP - ISSUES TO CONSIDER PRIOR TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CARRIAGE BAN ON 1 MARCH 2020 - STANDARD CLUB
With the IMO 2020 global sulphur cap now in force, members should bear in mind another significant date in relation to the ‘carriage ban&rsqu ...
Monday, 17 February 20
COVID-19: THE EFFECT OF THIS PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY ON CHARTERPARTY TERMS - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Is it useful to compare the COVID-19 with earlier disease outbreaks?
A comparison with the Ebola outbreak ...
Saturday, 15 February 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE EDGES UP - REUTERS
China’s benchmark power coal price rose slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
Saturday, 15 February 20
CHEN ZHIDA: NOVEL CORONAVIRUS - IMPLICATIONS FOR CHARTERPARTIES - SHIPOWNERS' CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Last month, the Club issued a bulletin on the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) which explained the origin of the virus a ...
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- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- PTC India Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- The University of Queensland
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
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