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Saturday, 14 February 15
SHALE GAS AND TIGHT OIL ARE COMMERCIALLY PRODUCED IN JUST FOUR COUNTRIES - EIA
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
The United States, Canada, China, and Argentina are currently the only four countries in the world that are producing commercial volumes of either natural gas from shale formations (shale gas) or crude oil from tight formations (tight oil). The United States is by far the dominant producer of both shale gas and tight oil.
Canada is the only other country to produce both shale gas and tight oil. China produces some small volumes of shale gas, while Argentina produces some small volumes of tight oil. While hydraulic fracturing techniques have been used to produce natural gas and tight oil in Australia and Russia, the volumes produced did not come from low-permeability shale formations.
The four countries producing commercial volumes of shale gas and tight oil all increased output in 2014, and in all four countries, natural gas and crude oil production from shale and tight formations grew at a faster rate last year than production from non-shale and non-tight formations.
- In the United States, a large portion of shale gas production growth has occurred in the Appalachian Basin's Marcellus Shale. In the Marcellus region, dry natural gas production has more than tripled in the past three years, from an average of 4.8 billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d) in 2011 to an average of 14.6 Bcf/d in 2014. A large portion of tight oil production has come from Western Gulf Basin's Eagle Ford and from the Williston Basin's Bakken Shale. In the Bakken region, oil production in 2014 averaged 1.1 million barrels per day (bbl/d), more than 2.5 times greater than the 2011 average of 0.4 million bbl/d.
- In Canada, tight oil production doubled between 2011 and 2014, from 0.2 million bbl/d to 0.4 million bbl/d. Most Canadian tight oil production comes from Alberta and Saskatchewan. The same is true of Canadian shale gas production, which increased from 1.9 Bcf/d in 2011 to 3.9 Bcf/d as of May 2014, when including production from the Montney formation (natural gas produced in the Montney formation is considered non-shale gas production by the Canadian National Energy Board, but is included in the Canadian shale gas production total).
- In China, Sinopec and PetroChina have reported commercial production of shale gas from fields in the Sichuan Basin. Their combined shale gas output has reached 0.163 Bcf/d, or 1.5% of total natural gas production.
- In Argentina, tight oil production comes mainly from Vaca Muerta’s Neuquen Basin. National oil company YPF, partnering with Chevron, is producing about 20,000 barrels of tight oil per day from the Loma Campana area.
Notable shale resource exploration efforts are underway in several countries, including Algeria, Australia, Colombia, Mexico, and Russia. However, commercial shale development of the type demonstrated in the United States requires the ability to rapidly drill and complete a large number of wells in a single productive geologic formation. The logistics and infrastructure necessary to support this level of activity, including the drilling and completion processes, the manufacturing of drilling equipment, and the distribution of the final product to market are not yet evident in countries other than the United States, Canada, China, and to some extent, Argentina. Other above the ground factors such as ownership of mineral rights, taxation regimes, and social acceptance also play a role in decisions regarding the development of shales and other tight resources.
Principal contributor: Faouzi Aloulou | EIA
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Saturday, 08 March 14
LETTERS OF INDEMNITY - SKULD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
In today's trading market, owners are frequently requested to accept a letter of indemnity (LOI) in exchange for complying ...
Friday, 07 March 14
DRY BULK MARKET TO BENEFIT FROM CHINA'S GDP GROWTH TARGET - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
With the dry bulk market freight rates finally making waves, China's aim of 7.5% GDP growth for 2014 mean once again positive news for the shipping ...
Friday, 07 March 14
RBCT, WORLD'S LARGEST COAL EXPORTING TERMINAL SHIPPED 1.78% LESS COAL MONTH ON MONTH
COALspot.com: South Africa's Richards Bay Coal Terminal (RBCT) the single largest export coal terminal in the world, shipped 4.487 million tons of ...
Friday, 07 March 14
INDONESIA SHIPPED 7% LESS COAL IN JANUARY 2014 COMPARED TO ITS DECEMBER EXPORTS
COALspot.com: Indonesia, the world 4th largest coal producer and the Global largest multi grade coal exporter shipped around $1.8* billion ...
Friday, 07 March 14
INDONESIA TO PRODUCE 421 MMT OF COAL IN 2014
Coalspot.com: Indonesia finally agreed to increased 2014 coal output by as much as 6 percent to 421 million metric tons from its previous plan, a se ...
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- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- The University of Queensland
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- PTC India Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
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