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Wednesday, 21 January 15
THERMAL COAL PRICE OUTLOOK DEPENDENT ON INDIAN IMPORT DEMAND - MATTHEW BOYLE, CRU
 COALspot.com: Supply and demand side developments in India will be an important determinant of future market dynamics and prices for thermal coal according to analysis in CRU's new Thermal Coal Market Outlook service.
The possible volatility in import requirements is substantial, given considerable uncertainty over both domestic supply and demand. Potential volatility in imports or range of outcomes is exacerbated by the fact that India is largely self-sufficient in thermal coal, and its imports account for only ~20% of its demand.
India's domestic demand in 2014 equalled around 80% of the global seaborne market, which means that small changes in supply and demand can have a relatively large impact on total import requirements. Even if domestic coal production was to increase, there would still be issues getting the coal to market due to logistical bottlenecks. CRU has undertaken scenario analysis of potential forecast changes to India's imports, and suggests given the wide range of outcomes, its impact will be felt by the seaborne market.
-- Under CRU's base case scenario, Indian domestic production is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.8%, while Indian coal-fired capacity growth is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.1%. Power capacity utilization rates in India, which have fallen in recent years, are expected to gradually recover, yet remain below historic levels. Under this scenario, Indian demand is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.8%, but critically, import requirements are expected to grow at a CAGR of 12.5%, highlighting import sensitivity in such a large market.
-- Under a bull case for Indian imports, domestic Indian production will grow at a CAGR of 3%, more in line with historic performance, and consumption to grow in line with current coal-fired construction projects and plans. Under such as scenario, we estimate that total Indian demand would grow at a CAGR of 9% (i.e. only 2.2% higher than in the base case), but import requirements would increase at a staggering 18.5% CAGR.
-- Under a bear case scenario for imports, domestic Indian output growth is set closer to current production targets at a CAGR of 7%, whereas consumption growth is limited to the most advanced and likely Indian coal-fired construction projects coming on stream. Under such scenario, we estimate that total demand would grow at a 5.1% CAGR (i.e. only 2.5% lower than in the base case), and import requirements to increase at a very modest 5.4%, adding only 8-10 Mt to total imports/y.
India will be instrumental in determining how much seaborne material will be available for delivery to China, which acts as the clearing market, and remains a key pricing driver. The difference in Indian import volumes between the base case and the two scenarios is 90-110 Mt on either side, equivalent in size to the entire South Korean market.
India's coal industry, in many ways, is at a cross-roads. After a number of years of less than spectacular domestic production growth failing to keep up with power consumption growth, and in turn, a significant increase in and reliance on imported thermal coal, the new Modi government has stepped up plans to increase domestic coal production and power generation. The reallocation of domestic coal blocks, interaction with labour unions and the approval of forest clearances are all signs the government is willing to push ahead with domestic output growth. Whilst the plans are aggressive and needed to reverse an almost paralyzed domestic coal industry, we maintain the view that unless there are seismic changes in Indian policy and red and green tape, we are not as optimistic as the government's domestic coal production targets. We estimate Indian coal output to be 599.0 Mt in 2014 with CAGR of 4.8% between 2013 and 2019.
The imbalance between thermal coal production and thermal coal demand growth looks set to continue over the forecast period, requiring an additional 136 Mt of imports by 2019. The majority of this import growth is expected to materialize over the next three years as significant coal-fired capacity comes on stream, and CRU expects India to replace China as the world's largest import market by 2015-2016.
- This article was initially published in CRU -
About Author
Matthew Boyle | Principal Consultant, CRU
Matthew has over fifteen years experience in the metals and mining industry, and has specialized in the metallurgical and thermal coal markets for the past ten years. Prior to joining CRU in January 2014, Matthew had worked in a number of commodity research and analytical roles, including Vale. Matthew has extensive overseas experience, having worked in Tokyo, London, and Singapore, as well as Sydney and Brisbane in Australia. Matthew holds a triple-major Bachelor of Arts (Honours) degree in economic geography from the University of Sydney, and has completed technical coal utilisation courses from McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Friday, 30 January 15
U.S. YEAR-TO-DATE COAL PRODUCTION REACHED 65.7 MMST
COALspot.com – United States the world's one of the largest coal producers, produced approximately 19.9 million short tons (mmst) of coal ...
Friday, 30 January 15
CAN BULKER CONVERSIONS SPOIL THE TANKER MARKET'S PARTY? - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
Oversupply of tonnage has always been in the back of the head of ship owners when it comes to taking advantage of favorable market conditions. As s ...
Thursday, 29 January 15
CHINA ENERGY DEMAND MUST BE REVIEWED DUE TO FUNDAMENTAL ECONOMIC CHANGES - WOOD MACKENZIE
New patterns emerging as energy demand growth decoupled significantly from GDP growth for the first time in 2014
Wood Mackenzie says 2014 was ...
Thursday, 29 January 15
CAPE MARKET IS STILL STRUGGLING WITH LOW DEMAND AND LOW COMMODITY PRICES
Handy
Supramax rates are heading south with slipping rates all across the block. USG activity is slow with mid-week levels in the mid 8.000s, Fea ...
Wednesday, 28 January 15
MARKET INSIGHT - STELIOS KOLLINTZAS
With most traders having returned to action from year end festivities, we have already seen signs of activity in the specialized product markets. L ...
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