We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Wednesday, 23 July 14
HARD COAL 2013: THE WORLD'S SECOND-MOST IMPORTANT ENERGY SOURCE AND GUARANTOR FOR THE SECURITY OF ENERGY SUPPLIES DURING TIMES OF CRISIS
 Hard coal is again in 2013 the fastest-growing fossil primary energy source in the world. As shown in the BP Statistical Review 2014, it covered about 30% of the world’s demand for primary energy of 12.7 billion TOE (tonnes of oil equivalent).
According to the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), coal, which has a share of 56% of the reserves and about 89% of the resources of all fossil primary energy sources, has the greatest potential among all of the non-renewable energy sources and has been declared to be the most important energy source.
Hard coal is also broadly distributed over many regions, and calculations by the VDKi based on today’s quantities, prices, and costs indicate that there are sufficient quantities to last for at least another 110 years. Even if a significant coal-exporting country were to prohibit the export of coal tomorrow (speaking theoretically), producing countries on other continents would be able to compensate the loss without any problems.
The VDKi would like to call attention to the fact that the debate on the security of supply has become one-sided and closely focused on securing supply using primary energy sources tied to pipelines. The primary topic is the security of our electric power supply. Coal has a number of advantages in this respect. In contrast to renewable energies, it is available at all times. Moreover, it is not tied to pipeline facilities, can be stockpiled as an energy source right at power plant sites, is found all around the world, and there are many and varied means of transport across both the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans.
Global hard coal consumption rises by 3%
According to initial estimates by BP in its Statistical Review 2014, global energy consumption of 12.7bn TOE (= tonne oil equivalent = 1 tonne OE = oil equivalent = 1.43 TCE) in 2013 rose by a little less than 2.3% in comparison with 2012 (12.5bn TOE). The background to this development is the low or non-existent growth in many OECD countries such as in Europe and Japan (with the exception of the USA). Coal consumption continued to increase in China (+4.4%) and India (+3.8%), on the other hand, although growth was more moderate than in previous years.
Coal consumption once again posted the strongest rise. In comparison with 2012, there was growth of 3%. The decline in coal consumption in the USA by 11.9% in 2012 was followed by growth of 4.3% in 2013. In terms of the average growth rates of 3.5% over the past five years, coal is and remains the Number 1 source of primary energy in the 21st century and has been the second-most important source of primary energy in the world since 2012, surpassed only by oil.
Estimates by the EU Commission indicate that total primary energy consumption in Europe declined by 0.6% (98m TOE) to 1.49bn TOE. The initial estimates indicate that there has been virtually no change in the mix of primary energy sources used for electric power generation in the EU 28. Hard coal and lignite together maintained their share of 27%, while hard coal alone posted a share of 19% in spite of the massive expansion of renewable energies. However, hard coal output in Europe declined by 15m tonnes to 114m tonnes. On the other hand, hard coal imports to the EU 28 rose by 3m tonnes (+1.4%) to 216m tonnes.
Seaborne world trade in steam coal grows by 6% World trade in hard coal totalling 1,237m tonnes in 2013 represented an increase of 73m tonnes (about 6%) in comparison with the previous year. Seaborne and internal trade posted the following development: in 2013, seaborne trade rose by 60m tonnes to 1,142m tonnes (= +5.5%), while internal trade increased by 18m tonnes (= +16%) to 95m tonnes. The steam coal market grew by 4% (37m tonnes) to a total of 863m tonnes.
Projections from the IEA show that the demand for coal will grow worldwide by an average of 2.3% p.a. over the coming years.
Preliminary calculations by the VDKi for the first four months of 2014 indicate that the seaborne hard coal market worldwide grew by just under 3% (10m tonnes) in comparison with the same period of the previous year.
Coking coal market grows by 9%
Worldwide crude steel production in 2013 reached the level of 1,607m tonnes, a new record. The increase by 3.5% (59m tonnes) occurred mainly in Asia (+6%) and in the Middle East (+2.5%). Crude steel production in Europe, North and South America, Russia and Korea declined by between 1.8% and 4.4%. Pig iron production, the decisive factor for the consumption of coking coal, PCI coal and coke, rose by 52m tonnes (about 5%) to 1,164m tonnes. The coking coal market increased correspondingly by 23m tonnes (+9%) to 279m tonnes.
With the exception of Australia, there were no fundamental changes in the supplier structure. Australia’s market share increased by another 8 percentage points and has now reached the mark of 61%. The USA again lost market share to Australia and now holds a share of 20%.
Hard coal and coke imports to Germany rise by 10%, hard coal consumption increases by 4%
The demand for domestic German and imported hard coal rose by 2.4m TCE (4.1%) to almost 61m TCE in 2013. About 86% of the demand for hard coal was covered by imports; domestic coal today covers only about 14%. Total imports of hard coal and coke reached a new record level of 52.8m tonnes in 2013, an increase by 4.9m tonnes (10%) over 2012.
Most of the hard coal sales go to power plants as the dominant buyers (71%; previous year 66%) and the iron and steel industry (26%; previous year 30%); the heating market (4%) plays only a subordinate role. The import demand for steam coal was covered primarily by Russia, the USA and Colombia, while the primary supplier countries for coking coal were Australia (45%) and the USA (30%).
Power generation from hard coal-fired power plants rose substantially in 2013 thanks to the favourable price situation in comparison with gas and the low CO2 certificate prices in European emission trading. Hard coal-fired power plants supplied 124 TWh of electric power, about 8 TWh (6.5%) more than in the past year, giving hard coal a share of more than 19% in the energy mix in 2013.
The balance in power exchange (total exports less imports) in 2013 amounted to about 34 TWh, an increase of 46% over 2012.
The price advantage of coal over gas (difference between the so-called clean dark spread less clean spark spread) in recent years has fluctuated between €-15 and €-25 per MWh. However, this difference favouring hard coal must not be allowed to obscure the fact that the revenues from power generation are inadequate because of the artificially low prices on the EEX and their unfair competitive advantage created by the priority given to feed-in of renewable energies.
A German hard coal-fired power plant has generation costs of between €50/MWH and €60/MWh, depending on its age. At the moment, however, it receives only about €35/MWh for the generated base load, i.e. it can usually achieve only very low contribution margins, if any at all, with the consequence that power revenues fall far short of covering the total operating costs.
This has prompted Dr Wolfgang Cieslik, VDKi CEO, to call on politicians for action:
“We urgently need a form of regulation which will guarantee hard coal-fired power plants a return to profitability in the long term as well because this is the only course which can guarantee the security and profitability of power supply and the successful realisation of the energy turnaround.”
Despite the increase in steam coal imports of 3.3% in Q1 2014, the VDKi estimates that only 37m tonnes of steam coal and 51m tonnes of hard coal and coke in total will be imported during all of 2014.
Price developments: A surplus in supply meets moderate demand
Developments in which a worldwide surplus in the supply of coal runs into demand which is not growing fast enough began in 2011, and the trend continued in 2013. Prices remained under pressure in 2013 as a result. From October 2013 to today (beginning of July 2014) alone, prices for steam coal fell from US$89/tonne to US$72/tonne, about 20%. The same is true of coking coal prices. Both coking coal and coke prices declined in 2013 because of the general slump in demand accompanied by a simultaneous expansion in supply.
While prices between US$160 and US$165/tonne were still being paid for coking coal at the beginning of 2013, this level had decreased to US$138/tonne by the end of 2013. This development continues to hold sway in 2014; as of the middle of 2014, spot prices for HCC quality had fallen to US$116/tonne.
- German Coal Importer Association -
About the German Coal Importer Association
The Verein der Kohlenimporteure e.V. (VDKi) is the lobby organisation for the hard coal import market in Germany. Its German and European members come from the sectors power, industry, trade and logistics. The Association currently has 78 members who consume about 70% of the German demand for hard coal of approximately 61 million tonnes in their facilities. The VDKi clearly represents the major part of the hard coal market (German domestic and imported hard coal) in Germany.
Additional information is available here .
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Wednesday, 23 July 14
WEEKLY SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
In Australia, the world’s largest mining group, BHP Billiton, will beat the iron ore export target of more than 220 million tonnes for 2014. ...
Tuesday, 22 July 14
INDONESIAN ELECTION RESULT ENCOURAGING FOR FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN ENERGY AND MINING SECTORS - WOOD MACKENZIE
Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla has been announced as the official winner of Indonesia's presidential election. Joko Widodo, or Jokowi, is viewed as a ...
Tuesday, 22 July 14
THE CURRENT COAL PRICES ARE UNPROFITABLE FOR MINERS; COAL PRICES WILL GRADUALLY INCREASE - FITCH
COALspot.com: The Fitch Ratings expect the benchmark Newcastle coal prices (currently at about USD70/MT) to gradually increase.
Fitch's la ...
Tuesday, 22 July 14
SUB-BIT FOB INDONESIA COAL Q3' 14 DOWN 5.21%; Q4' 14 DOWN 3.56%; Q1' 15 DOWN 4.75% M-O-M
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for average Q3’ 2014 flat on day, weak week on week and on month according to AsiaClear OTC coal swap' ...
Tuesday, 22 July 14
INDONESIA'S MINERAL EXPORT BAN: CHINA UNDER PRESSURE? - CLARKSONS
In January 2014, Indonesia introduced new regulations on exports of unprocessed minerals. Exports of some minerals have been heavily taxed, whilst ...
|
|
|
Showing 3586 to 3590 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- The University of Queensland
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- PTC India Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Planning Commission, India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- GMR Energy Limited - India
|
| |
| |
|
