We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Wednesday, 23 July 14
HARD COAL 2013: THE WORLD'S SECOND-MOST IMPORTANT ENERGY SOURCE AND GUARANTOR FOR THE SECURITY OF ENERGY SUPPLIES DURING TIMES OF CRISIS
 Hard coal is again in 2013 the fastest-growing fossil primary energy source in the world. As shown in the BP Statistical Review 2014, it covered about 30% of the world’s demand for primary energy of 12.7 billion TOE (tonnes of oil equivalent).
According to the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), coal, which has a share of 56% of the reserves and about 89% of the resources of all fossil primary energy sources, has the greatest potential among all of the non-renewable energy sources and has been declared to be the most important energy source.
Hard coal is also broadly distributed over many regions, and calculations by the VDKi based on today’s quantities, prices, and costs indicate that there are sufficient quantities to last for at least another 110 years. Even if a significant coal-exporting country were to prohibit the export of coal tomorrow (speaking theoretically), producing countries on other continents would be able to compensate the loss without any problems.
The VDKi would like to call attention to the fact that the debate on the security of supply has become one-sided and closely focused on securing supply using primary energy sources tied to pipelines. The primary topic is the security of our electric power supply. Coal has a number of advantages in this respect. In contrast to renewable energies, it is available at all times. Moreover, it is not tied to pipeline facilities, can be stockpiled as an energy source right at power plant sites, is found all around the world, and there are many and varied means of transport across both the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans.
Global hard coal consumption rises by 3%
According to initial estimates by BP in its Statistical Review 2014, global energy consumption of 12.7bn TOE (= tonne oil equivalent = 1 tonne OE = oil equivalent = 1.43 TCE) in 2013 rose by a little less than 2.3% in comparison with 2012 (12.5bn TOE). The background to this development is the low or non-existent growth in many OECD countries such as in Europe and Japan (with the exception of the USA). Coal consumption continued to increase in China (+4.4%) and India (+3.8%), on the other hand, although growth was more moderate than in previous years.
Coal consumption once again posted the strongest rise. In comparison with 2012, there was growth of 3%. The decline in coal consumption in the USA by 11.9% in 2012 was followed by growth of 4.3% in 2013. In terms of the average growth rates of 3.5% over the past five years, coal is and remains the Number 1 source of primary energy in the 21st century and has been the second-most important source of primary energy in the world since 2012, surpassed only by oil.
Estimates by the EU Commission indicate that total primary energy consumption in Europe declined by 0.6% (98m TOE) to 1.49bn TOE. The initial estimates indicate that there has been virtually no change in the mix of primary energy sources used for electric power generation in the EU 28. Hard coal and lignite together maintained their share of 27%, while hard coal alone posted a share of 19% in spite of the massive expansion of renewable energies. However, hard coal output in Europe declined by 15m tonnes to 114m tonnes. On the other hand, hard coal imports to the EU 28 rose by 3m tonnes (+1.4%) to 216m tonnes.
Seaborne world trade in steam coal grows by 6% World trade in hard coal totalling 1,237m tonnes in 2013 represented an increase of 73m tonnes (about 6%) in comparison with the previous year. Seaborne and internal trade posted the following development: in 2013, seaborne trade rose by 60m tonnes to 1,142m tonnes (= +5.5%), while internal trade increased by 18m tonnes (= +16%) to 95m tonnes. The steam coal market grew by 4% (37m tonnes) to a total of 863m tonnes.
Projections from the IEA show that the demand for coal will grow worldwide by an average of 2.3% p.a. over the coming years.
Preliminary calculations by the VDKi for the first four months of 2014 indicate that the seaborne hard coal market worldwide grew by just under 3% (10m tonnes) in comparison with the same period of the previous year.
Coking coal market grows by 9%
Worldwide crude steel production in 2013 reached the level of 1,607m tonnes, a new record. The increase by 3.5% (59m tonnes) occurred mainly in Asia (+6%) and in the Middle East (+2.5%). Crude steel production in Europe, North and South America, Russia and Korea declined by between 1.8% and 4.4%. Pig iron production, the decisive factor for the consumption of coking coal, PCI coal and coke, rose by 52m tonnes (about 5%) to 1,164m tonnes. The coking coal market increased correspondingly by 23m tonnes (+9%) to 279m tonnes.
With the exception of Australia, there were no fundamental changes in the supplier structure. Australia’s market share increased by another 8 percentage points and has now reached the mark of 61%. The USA again lost market share to Australia and now holds a share of 20%.
Hard coal and coke imports to Germany rise by 10%, hard coal consumption increases by 4%
The demand for domestic German and imported hard coal rose by 2.4m TCE (4.1%) to almost 61m TCE in 2013. About 86% of the demand for hard coal was covered by imports; domestic coal today covers only about 14%. Total imports of hard coal and coke reached a new record level of 52.8m tonnes in 2013, an increase by 4.9m tonnes (10%) over 2012.
Most of the hard coal sales go to power plants as the dominant buyers (71%; previous year 66%) and the iron and steel industry (26%; previous year 30%); the heating market (4%) plays only a subordinate role. The import demand for steam coal was covered primarily by Russia, the USA and Colombia, while the primary supplier countries for coking coal were Australia (45%) and the USA (30%).
Power generation from hard coal-fired power plants rose substantially in 2013 thanks to the favourable price situation in comparison with gas and the low CO2 certificate prices in European emission trading. Hard coal-fired power plants supplied 124 TWh of electric power, about 8 TWh (6.5%) more than in the past year, giving hard coal a share of more than 19% in the energy mix in 2013.
The balance in power exchange (total exports less imports) in 2013 amounted to about 34 TWh, an increase of 46% over 2012.
The price advantage of coal over gas (difference between the so-called clean dark spread less clean spark spread) in recent years has fluctuated between €-15 and €-25 per MWh. However, this difference favouring hard coal must not be allowed to obscure the fact that the revenues from power generation are inadequate because of the artificially low prices on the EEX and their unfair competitive advantage created by the priority given to feed-in of renewable energies.
A German hard coal-fired power plant has generation costs of between €50/MWH and €60/MWh, depending on its age. At the moment, however, it receives only about €35/MWh for the generated base load, i.e. it can usually achieve only very low contribution margins, if any at all, with the consequence that power revenues fall far short of covering the total operating costs.
This has prompted Dr Wolfgang Cieslik, VDKi CEO, to call on politicians for action:
“We urgently need a form of regulation which will guarantee hard coal-fired power plants a return to profitability in the long term as well because this is the only course which can guarantee the security and profitability of power supply and the successful realisation of the energy turnaround.”
Despite the increase in steam coal imports of 3.3% in Q1 2014, the VDKi estimates that only 37m tonnes of steam coal and 51m tonnes of hard coal and coke in total will be imported during all of 2014.
Price developments: A surplus in supply meets moderate demand
Developments in which a worldwide surplus in the supply of coal runs into demand which is not growing fast enough began in 2011, and the trend continued in 2013. Prices remained under pressure in 2013 as a result. From October 2013 to today (beginning of July 2014) alone, prices for steam coal fell from US$89/tonne to US$72/tonne, about 20%. The same is true of coking coal prices. Both coking coal and coke prices declined in 2013 because of the general slump in demand accompanied by a simultaneous expansion in supply.
While prices between US$160 and US$165/tonne were still being paid for coking coal at the beginning of 2013, this level had decreased to US$138/tonne by the end of 2013. This development continues to hold sway in 2014; as of the middle of 2014, spot prices for HCC quality had fallen to US$116/tonne.
- German Coal Importer Association -
About the German Coal Importer Association
The Verein der Kohlenimporteure e.V. (VDKi) is the lobby organisation for the hard coal import market in Germany. Its German and European members come from the sectors power, industry, trade and logistics. The Association currently has 78 members who consume about 70% of the German demand for hard coal of approximately 61 million tonnes in their facilities. The VDKi clearly represents the major part of the hard coal market (German domestic and imported hard coal) in Germany.
Additional information is available here .
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Friday, 25 July 14
U.S WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION UP AROUND 3.5% WEEK ENDED JULY 19
COALspot.com – United States the world's second largest coal producer, produced approximately 19.00 million short tons (mmst) of coal in ...
Thursday, 24 July 14
INDONESIA'S JUNE 2014 COAL EXPORT VOLUME DOWN 6.82%; AVERAGE SELLING PRICE DOWN
COALspot.com: Indonesia, one of the world's largest coal producer and the global leading multi grade coal exporter shipped around $1.70* ...
Thursday, 24 July 14
HANDY: SOUTH AFRICA SOFTENED A BIT, HERE RATES ARE AT AROUND 8K +150K BB FOR TRIPS EAST - FEARNLEYS AS
Handy
The handy market in the Atlantic is going sideways and a tick down on low activity. Levels hoovering around USD 5k on Supras. The SMX marke ...
Thursday, 24 July 14
INDONESIAN COAL EXPORTERS ARE REQUIRED TO OBTAIN ET-BATUBARA UNDER LATEST TRADE MINISTRY'S NEW REGULATION
COALspot.com: Indonesia's trade ministry has issued regulation No. 39/M-DAG/PER/7/2014 which is requires exporters of power plant coal as ...
Wednesday, 23 July 14
PANAMAXES WERE BACK ON A DOWNWARD COURSE; CAPES WERE FEELING THE MOST PRESSURE - INTERMODAL
COALspot.com: The Dry Bulk market was on a downward spiral this week, with the BDI noting another week-on-week decline of the magnitude of 10% this ...
|
|
|
Showing 3581 to 3585 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- White Energy Company Limited
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Planning Commission, India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- The University of Queensland
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- VISA Power Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
|
| |
| |
|
