We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Monday, 14 July 14
THE END OF THE ERA OF HEAVY FUEL OIL IN MARITIME SHIPPING - ICCT
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Since the 1960s, heavy fuel oil (HFO) has been the king of marine fuels. Viscous, dirty, yet inexpensive and widely available, HFO propelled a long period of robust growth in international shipping, which carries over 90% of intercontinental trade by volume each year. For many, it is the lifeblood of the maritime shipping industry.
But HFO’s low price does not reflect its impacts on the environment and human health. The sulfur content of HFO can be up to 35,000 parts per million. It is the reason that maritime shipping accounts for 8% of global emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), making the industry an important source for acid rain as well as respiratory diseases. In some populous port cities, such as Hong Kong, shipping is the largest single source of SO2 emissions as well as emissions of particulate matter (PM), which are directly tied to the sulfur content of fuel. By one estimate, PM emissions from maritime shipping led to 87,000 premature deaths worldwide in 2012.
The International Maritime Organization (IMO), the governing body of international shipping, has made a decisive effort to diversify the industry away from HFO into cleaner fuels with less harmful effects on the environment and human health. Effective in 2015, ships operated within the Emission Control Areas (ECAs) covering the Economic Exclusive Zone of North America, the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, and the English Channel will begin to use Marine Gas Oil (MGO) with allowable sulfur content up to 1,000 ppm. Starting from 2020, ships sailing outside ECAs will switch to Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) with permitted sulfur content up to 5,000 ppm.*
That tectonic shift also creates openings for a variety of new fuels. Liquefied nature gas (LNG), newly abundant and relatively affordable, is attracting the attention of many shipping companies. Although the lack of infrastructure and the uncertainty of future prices have slowed the “dash to gas,” many expect LNG to establish itself as one of major alternatives to HFO in the future. Lloyds Registry, a shipping classification society, expects LNG to take 11% of the market share in 2030.
Meanwhile, Stena Teknik, a Swedish company, is testing methanol, another natural gas product, but one that requires less storage space in a ship and is relatively easier to handle. While natural gas-based fuels may sometimes offer questionable climate benefits, due to methane leakage concerns, the IMO’s low-sulfur regulation may create needed openings for other zero-sulfur, low-carbon marine fuels. Tests using fuel cells on the Viking Lady, an offshore supply ship, demonstrated promising results.
Wind kites and solar panels have already been installed on numerous ships to supplement marine diesel engines. Even HFO will not completely disappear from the menu of marine fuels. Combined with scrubbers that capture more than 99% of the sulfur from the exhaust gas, HFO will continue to play an important role. Lloyds Registry reckons that HFO will represent about 40% of fuel use by 2030.
The shift to cleaner but pricier low-sulfur fuels is likely to heighten interest in the “fifth fuel”: energy efficiency. Historically, the maritime shipping industry, where energy often accounts for over half of operating costs, has responded to escalating fuel prices with innovative energy-saving strategies. To cite a recent example: in 2008, as fuel prices went through the roof, shipping lines cut their operating speeds by as much as 50%, helping many companies stay afloat amid one of the worst downturns in history. In an analysis of satellite data on ship operations, we’ve estimated that the industry can further slash 100 million ton of fuel use by 2030 through wider implementation of energy-saving measures that were adopted by industry leaders in 2011.
This is in addition to savings of 90 million tons of fuel because of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), a mandatory program that will require new ships to achieve certain efficiency targets beginning in 2015.
The continued diversification of marine fuels and improvements in energy efficiency have important implications. First and foremost, they may alleviate concerns about the availability of low-sulfur fuels. Figure 1 illustrates one possible scenario, using our forecast on future marine fuel consumption and energy efficiency improvements as well as Lloyds Registry’s estimate of market shares for HFO and LNG. The efficiency improvement of the legacy fleet is the greatest force driving down the need for low-sulfur fuels, equivalent to adding about 110 “negatons” of fuel, or almost 24% of projected demand. HFO combined with scrubbers, EEDI, and distillates (MGO plus MDO) are almost neck and neck, each representing about 20% of fuel use in the chart. LNG is coming of age, with its share doubling between 2020 and 2030. Other fuels, such as renewables, fuel cells, and biofuels, are expected to hold only small market shares in 2030.
Second, the new fuels are on a collision course with IMO safety regulations concerning flashpoint, the temperature at which a fuel can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air.
The IMO currently requires marine fuels to have a minimum flashpoint of 60°C. But low-sulfur fuels have a lower flashpoint (50° to 55°C), meaning that they are “off-spec” and cannot be used under the IMO rule. The flashpoint requirement, which went into effect in 1976, was meant to provide a large margin of error to ensure the temperature of the engine room (normally below 45°C) does not exceed the flashpoint in any circumstance. But according to industry heavyweights such as Maersk and BIMCO, modern technologies such as advanced ventilation systems provide an adequate safety margin, and they argue that keeping the flashpoint requirement will cause the industry to miss the opportunity represented by the increased availability of low-sulfur, low-flashpoint fuels. Industry and member states such as the U.S. are urging the IMO to accelerate its consideration of an amendment to the flashpoint requirement.
By: Haifeng Wang / The International Council of Clean Transportation
*Implementation of the requirement is subject to a review of fuel availability to be completed by 2016.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Thursday, 29 May 14
PEABODY ENERGY CHAIRMAN RECEIVES WCA AWARD
The World Coal Association has presented Gregory H. Boyce, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Peabody Energy (NYSE: BTU), with the 2014 Chairm ...
Thursday, 29 May 14
HANDY : THE SUPRAS ARE BEING TRADED AROUND 13K FOR SHORTER UPTO 1 YEAR PERIOD
Handy
The week started off with bank holidays in London and very little happening. This trend has continued and we believe it will continue into ...
Wednesday, 28 May 14
THE DRY BULK MARKET REMAINED UNDER PRESSURE - INTERMODAL
COALspot.com: The Dry Bulk market remained under pressure during this past week, with all indices pointing down compared to the previous Friday. Th ...
Tuesday, 27 May 14
PORT OF NEWCASTLE SHIPPED 19.13% LESS COAL THIS PAST WEEK
COALspot.com: In the week ended 07:00 hours 26 May 2014, power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from the port of Newcastle in Queensland, ...
Monday, 26 May 14
SUB-BIT FOB INDO COAL SWAP Q1' 15 DELIVERIES CLOSED AT US$ 59.40 PER MT
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for average Q3’ 2014 lost on day, week and on month according to AsiaClear OTC coal swap's reports re ...
|
|
|
Showing 3681 to 3685 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- The University of Queensland
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
|
| |
| |
|
