We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Monday, 14 July 14
THE END OF THE ERA OF HEAVY FUEL OIL IN MARITIME SHIPPING - ICCT
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Since the 1960s, heavy fuel oil (HFO) has been the king of marine fuels. Viscous, dirty, yet inexpensive and widely available, HFO propelled a long period of robust growth in international shipping, which carries over 90% of intercontinental trade by volume each year. For many, it is the lifeblood of the maritime shipping industry.
But HFO’s low price does not reflect its impacts on the environment and human health. The sulfur content of HFO can be up to 35,000 parts per million. It is the reason that maritime shipping accounts for 8% of global emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), making the industry an important source for acid rain as well as respiratory diseases. In some populous port cities, such as Hong Kong, shipping is the largest single source of SO2 emissions as well as emissions of particulate matter (PM), which are directly tied to the sulfur content of fuel. By one estimate, PM emissions from maritime shipping led to 87,000 premature deaths worldwide in 2012.
The International Maritime Organization (IMO), the governing body of international shipping, has made a decisive effort to diversify the industry away from HFO into cleaner fuels with less harmful effects on the environment and human health. Effective in 2015, ships operated within the Emission Control Areas (ECAs) covering the Economic Exclusive Zone of North America, the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, and the English Channel will begin to use Marine Gas Oil (MGO) with allowable sulfur content up to 1,000 ppm. Starting from 2020, ships sailing outside ECAs will switch to Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) with permitted sulfur content up to 5,000 ppm.*
That tectonic shift also creates openings for a variety of new fuels. Liquefied nature gas (LNG), newly abundant and relatively affordable, is attracting the attention of many shipping companies. Although the lack of infrastructure and the uncertainty of future prices have slowed the “dash to gas,” many expect LNG to establish itself as one of major alternatives to HFO in the future. Lloyds Registry, a shipping classification society, expects LNG to take 11% of the market share in 2030.
Meanwhile, Stena Teknik, a Swedish company, is testing methanol, another natural gas product, but one that requires less storage space in a ship and is relatively easier to handle. While natural gas-based fuels may sometimes offer questionable climate benefits, due to methane leakage concerns, the IMO’s low-sulfur regulation may create needed openings for other zero-sulfur, low-carbon marine fuels. Tests using fuel cells on the Viking Lady, an offshore supply ship, demonstrated promising results.
Wind kites and solar panels have already been installed on numerous ships to supplement marine diesel engines. Even HFO will not completely disappear from the menu of marine fuels. Combined with scrubbers that capture more than 99% of the sulfur from the exhaust gas, HFO will continue to play an important role. Lloyds Registry reckons that HFO will represent about 40% of fuel use by 2030.
The shift to cleaner but pricier low-sulfur fuels is likely to heighten interest in the “fifth fuel”: energy efficiency. Historically, the maritime shipping industry, where energy often accounts for over half of operating costs, has responded to escalating fuel prices with innovative energy-saving strategies. To cite a recent example: in 2008, as fuel prices went through the roof, shipping lines cut their operating speeds by as much as 50%, helping many companies stay afloat amid one of the worst downturns in history. In an analysis of satellite data on ship operations, we’ve estimated that the industry can further slash 100 million ton of fuel use by 2030 through wider implementation of energy-saving measures that were adopted by industry leaders in 2011.
This is in addition to savings of 90 million tons of fuel because of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), a mandatory program that will require new ships to achieve certain efficiency targets beginning in 2015.
The continued diversification of marine fuels and improvements in energy efficiency have important implications. First and foremost, they may alleviate concerns about the availability of low-sulfur fuels. Figure 1 illustrates one possible scenario, using our forecast on future marine fuel consumption and energy efficiency improvements as well as Lloyds Registry’s estimate of market shares for HFO and LNG. The efficiency improvement of the legacy fleet is the greatest force driving down the need for low-sulfur fuels, equivalent to adding about 110 “negatons” of fuel, or almost 24% of projected demand. HFO combined with scrubbers, EEDI, and distillates (MGO plus MDO) are almost neck and neck, each representing about 20% of fuel use in the chart. LNG is coming of age, with its share doubling between 2020 and 2030. Other fuels, such as renewables, fuel cells, and biofuels, are expected to hold only small market shares in 2030.
Second, the new fuels are on a collision course with IMO safety regulations concerning flashpoint, the temperature at which a fuel can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air.
The IMO currently requires marine fuels to have a minimum flashpoint of 60°C. But low-sulfur fuels have a lower flashpoint (50° to 55°C), meaning that they are “off-spec” and cannot be used under the IMO rule. The flashpoint requirement, which went into effect in 1976, was meant to provide a large margin of error to ensure the temperature of the engine room (normally below 45°C) does not exceed the flashpoint in any circumstance. But according to industry heavyweights such as Maersk and BIMCO, modern technologies such as advanced ventilation systems provide an adequate safety margin, and they argue that keeping the flashpoint requirement will cause the industry to miss the opportunity represented by the increased availability of low-sulfur, low-flashpoint fuels. Industry and member states such as the U.S. are urging the IMO to accelerate its consideration of an amendment to the flashpoint requirement.
By: Haifeng Wang / The International Council of Clean Transportation
*Implementation of the requirement is subject to a review of fuel availability to be completed by 2016.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Friday, 25 July 14
U.S WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION UP AROUND 3.5% WEEK ENDED JULY 19
COALspot.com – United States the world's second largest coal producer, produced approximately 19.00 million short tons (mmst) of coal in ...
Thursday, 24 July 14
INDONESIA'S JUNE 2014 COAL EXPORT VOLUME DOWN 6.82%; AVERAGE SELLING PRICE DOWN
COALspot.com: Indonesia, one of the world's largest coal producer and the global leading multi grade coal exporter shipped around $1.70* ...
Thursday, 24 July 14
HANDY: SOUTH AFRICA SOFTENED A BIT, HERE RATES ARE AT AROUND 8K +150K BB FOR TRIPS EAST - FEARNLEYS AS
Handy
The handy market in the Atlantic is going sideways and a tick down on low activity. Levels hoovering around USD 5k on Supras. The SMX marke ...
Thursday, 24 July 14
INDONESIAN COAL EXPORTERS ARE REQUIRED TO OBTAIN ET-BATUBARA UNDER LATEST TRADE MINISTRY'S NEW REGULATION
COALspot.com: Indonesia's trade ministry has issued regulation No. 39/M-DAG/PER/7/2014 which is requires exporters of power plant coal as ...
Wednesday, 23 July 14
PANAMAXES WERE BACK ON A DOWNWARD COURSE; CAPES WERE FEELING THE MOST PRESSURE - INTERMODAL
COALspot.com: The Dry Bulk market was on a downward spiral this week, with the BDI noting another week-on-week decline of the magnitude of 10% this ...
|
|
|
Showing 3581 to 3585 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- White Energy Company Limited
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- The University of Queensland
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Australian Coal Association
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
|
| |
| |
|
