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Monday, 26 August 13
CARRIAGE OF COAL CARGOES FROM KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA - WEST OF ENGLAND P&I CLUB
 The Club has recently been advised by consulting scientists and engineers Dr J H Burgoyne and Partners (International) Limited that the number of incidents involving the self-heating of coal cargoes loaded in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) is increasing. In the past two years Burgoynes have dealt with twenty-three such cases, ten of which have taken place in the last three months.
Low rank (geologically immature) coal, such as loaded off Kalimantan, is particularly susceptible to self-heating and may spontaneously combust if loaded at a temperature in excess of 55°C. Shippers and local suppliers have sometimes delivered coal to vessels off Kalimantan at a temperature close to this figure. Coal awaiting shipment is often stored in barges close to the anchorage areas where it may be exposed to strong winds and rain. Such conditions may promote self-heating, and barges containing coal with a temperature exceeding 55°C have sometimes been encountered.
However, not all operators appear to be aware of the risks and some vessels have only identified the problems after the cargo has been loaded. Once on board it is not easy to remove the coal due to the lack of discharging facilities in the region.
Mandatory notification and survey requirements
Notification
In accordance with the Club’s bye-laws, Members are required to notify the Managers before agreeing to carry a cargo of Kalimantan coal to ensure that they are full acquainted with the risks beforehand and so that any concerns regarding the contractual terms of carriage may be addressed. In particular Members should consider incorporating an express right in all such contracts to inspect the cargo ashore and in barges prior to shipment, to reject cargo which is too hot or otherwise unsafe and to have heating or unsafe cargo removed from the vessel. Members may also seek to preserve rights of indemnity against other parties in case they incur liability or loss as a result of shipping a self-heating coal cargo.
Survey
Members are also required to appoint a surveyor at the load port to provide assistance to the Master. The surveyor should be instructed to check that no significant self-heating problems are evident, confirm that the coal is suitable for loading, verify that all arrangements aboard the vessel are satisfactory and ensure that the measures for testing cargo space gas concentrations and cargo temperatures are in order and meet the applicable provisions of the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code. The instructions should also require the surveyor to assess the apparent condition of the cargo and make suitable recommendations to the Master as to whether the mates receipts and bills of lading should be claused.
Failure to fulfil either of these requirements may prejudice cover.
IMSBC Code
The International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code contains a comprehensive entry regarding the carriage of coal. Although some of the requirements are summarised below, Members should refer to the IMSBC Code itself for full details and ensure that the provisions are strictly followed.
Cargo Declaration
Although there are many good shippers and mining operations in Kalimantan, it is reported that not all are providing adequate cargo declarations. Some of the declarations have been found to misrepresent the cargo by either stating that the cargo is Category A (a reference to the 1990 version of the Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes meaning it does not self-heat or emit methane) whilst others provide no details on the self-heating or methane emitting properties of the coal.
SOLAS Chapter VI and the IMSBC Code state that the shipper should provide the master or his representative with appropriate information sufficiently in advance on the properties of the cargo and recommendations regarding its safe handling, stowage and carriage so that the necessary precautions can be taken. In particular, the IMSBC Code requires the shipper to provide, in writing, the moisture content, sulphur content and particle size of the cargo, and information on whether it is liable to self-heat or emit methane, or both. A “Form for Cargo Information for Solid Bulk Cargoes” may be used for this purpose, an example of which can be found in Section 4 of the IMSBC Code. The master should insist that the shipper provides a cargo declaration that is consistent with the requirements of the IMSBC Code and should not load the cargo without it.
Loading and Carriage Requirements
In order to avoid problems of self-heating during the voyage and possibly while loading, the temperature of the cargo should be checked beforehand. Although not required by the IMSBC Code, an infra-red thermometer is an ideal tool for this task. Infra-red thermometers are relatively inexpensive and easily obtainable, and their use is recommended. The instrument may be used to “scan” the surface of the cargo prior to and during loading, allowing the master to be alerted if the temperature readings are found to be high. Vessels should also reject cargo exhibiting clear signs of self-heating such as barges containing smouldering coal.
During loading the holds should be sealed if a delay of more than an hour is anticipated. On completion of loading the cargo should be trimmed reasonably level to the boundaries of the cargo hold to prevent the development of fissures. Fissures increase the surface area of the cargo exposed to the air and thereby the risk of self-heating. Each hold should be closed immediately on completion, and hatch sealing tape may be applied to the hatch covers as an additional precaution. Only natural surface ventilation is permitted, limited to the absolute minimum time necessary to remove any methane which may have accumulated. Any vents that lead below the level of the cargo should be sealed as the introduction of air into the body of the cargo may promote self-heating.
The IMSBC Code states that personnel should not enter the cargo holds during the voyage due to the presence of methane and the possible hazards of toxic carbon monoxide gas and the depletion of oxygen if the cargo starts to self-heat. If it is essential to enter a hold, self-contained breathing apparatus must be worn and enclosed space entry procedures followed.
For bulk cargoes such as coal which are liable to emit toxic or flammable gas or lead to the depletion of oxygen, the IMSBC Code and SOLAS Chapter VI require the ship to carry an Administration approved gas detector. The gas detector must be capable of measuring levels of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide inside the holds without having to enter them. Gas detectors must be regularly serviced and calibrated in line with manufacturers’ recommendations, and ships’ personnel should be trained in their use. The IMSBC Code also requires vessels carrying coal to be provided with a means of measuring the pH values of cargo bilge samples.
Since coal emits carbon monoxide gas if it begins to self-heat, monitoring the amount of carbon monoxide inside a cargo hold is the most effective method of detection. Sampling points should be fitted to both sides of each cargo hold, either to the coaming or to the hatch covers, to ensure flexibility in the event of heavy weather. As far as practicable the same sampling points should be used when testing the atmosphere inside the cargo holds to ensure consistency.
The IMSBC Code also recommends that the ship monitors the temperature of the cargo in the holds from external locations during loading and while on passage, although the development of a hot spot in the coal may not be detected unless a temperature probe is located nearby. All gas detector and temperature readings should be recorded while loading and during the voyage.
Under normal conditions each cargo hold should be sampled daily and surface ventilation should be stopped at least four hours prior to sampling. If the carbon monoxide level is found to exceed 30 ppm, samples should be taken twice daily. If the readings exhibit a steady rise over three consecutive days or reach 50 ppm, a self-heating condition may exist. In such an event the cargo hold including the ventilation arrangements should be completely sealed.
The IMSBC Code further advises that the master should contact the company immediately if it appears that the cargo has started to self-heat. In addition the shipper should be notified and the Club should be informed as it may be necessary to appoint an expert to assess the situation and provide additional advice.
Such information should include:
-- Identity of the cargo spaces involved; monitoring results covering carbon monoxide, methane and oxygen concentrations
--If available, temperature of the cargo, location and method used to obtain results
--Time gas sample taken (monitoring routine)
--Time ventilators opened/closed
--Quantity of coal in hold(s) involved
--Type of coal as per cargo information, and any special precautions indicated on information
-- Date loaded, and ETA at intended discharge port (which shall be specified)
--Comments or observations from the ship’s master
In the event of a fire, boundary cooling of the affected holds should commence immediately and the master should consider heading towards the nearest port. Again, the Club should be notified without delay as the attendance of an expert may be necessary.
In the event of any queries, please contact the Claims or Loss Prevention department.
The Club is grateful to Burgoynes for the provision of information leaflets on “Self-heating of coal cargoes – Kalimantan, Indonesia” and “Gas Detectors” which form the basis of this Notice to Members. Copies of both leaflets are available on the Club’s website.
Source: West of England P&I Club / Hellenic Shipping News
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Wednesday, 21 August 13
DRY BULK SHIPPING - POSITIVE WINDOW FOR CAPESIZE OWNERS - PETER SAND
By: Peter Sand, Chief Shipping Analyst, BIMCO
Demand:
“Expect the unexpected from the dry bulk market” was what we wrote last time ar ...
Wednesday, 21 August 13
RATES FOR CAPES MOVED DECISIVELY NORTH THIS WEEK - INTERMODAL
COALspot.com - Right when the BDI seemed ready for another dive below the 1000 points level, the Dry Bulk market made significant comeback this week ...
Tuesday, 20 August 13
AUSTRALIA NEWCASTLE COAL EXPORTS FALL 19.15 PERCENT ON WEEK
COALspot.com: Power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from Australia's Newcastle port fell 19.15 per cent week on week to 2.39 million mt f ...
Tuesday, 20 August 13
CAPESIZE RATES MORE SENSITIVE TO DEMAND - COMMODORE RESEARCH & CONSULTANCY
COALspot.com : Approximately 71.50 million tons of iron ore is now stockpiled at Chinese ports, 900,000 tons (-1%) less than a week ago, Commodore R ...
Sunday, 18 August 13
SUB-BIT FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAP : ON POSITIVE DIRECTION ON DAY, WEEK AND MONTH
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average Q4 2013 delivery US$ 1.83 up month on month. The swap was moved positive ...
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Showing 4156 to 4160 news of total 6871 |
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- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
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- Interocean Group of Companies - India
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- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
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- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- The University of Queensland
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
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- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
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- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
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- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
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- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
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- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
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- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
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- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
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- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
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- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
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- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
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- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
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- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
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- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
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- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Australian Coal Association
- White Energy Company Limited
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Planning Commission, India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
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- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
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- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
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