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Monday, 26 August 13
CARRIAGE OF COAL CARGOES FROM KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA - WEST OF ENGLAND P&I CLUB
 The Club has recently been advised by consulting scientists and engineers Dr J H Burgoyne and Partners (International) Limited that the number of incidents involving the self-heating of coal cargoes loaded in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) is increasing. In the past two years Burgoynes have dealt with twenty-three such cases, ten of which have taken place in the last three months.
Low rank (geologically immature) coal, such as loaded off Kalimantan, is particularly susceptible to self-heating and may spontaneously combust if loaded at a temperature in excess of 55°C. Shippers and local suppliers have sometimes delivered coal to vessels off Kalimantan at a temperature close to this figure. Coal awaiting shipment is often stored in barges close to the anchorage areas where it may be exposed to strong winds and rain. Such conditions may promote self-heating, and barges containing coal with a temperature exceeding 55°C have sometimes been encountered.
However, not all operators appear to be aware of the risks and some vessels have only identified the problems after the cargo has been loaded. Once on board it is not easy to remove the coal due to the lack of discharging facilities in the region.
Mandatory notification and survey requirements
Notification
In accordance with the Club’s bye-laws, Members are required to notify the Managers before agreeing to carry a cargo of Kalimantan coal to ensure that they are full acquainted with the risks beforehand and so that any concerns regarding the contractual terms of carriage may be addressed. In particular Members should consider incorporating an express right in all such contracts to inspect the cargo ashore and in barges prior to shipment, to reject cargo which is too hot or otherwise unsafe and to have heating or unsafe cargo removed from the vessel. Members may also seek to preserve rights of indemnity against other parties in case they incur liability or loss as a result of shipping a self-heating coal cargo.
Survey
Members are also required to appoint a surveyor at the load port to provide assistance to the Master. The surveyor should be instructed to check that no significant self-heating problems are evident, confirm that the coal is suitable for loading, verify that all arrangements aboard the vessel are satisfactory and ensure that the measures for testing cargo space gas concentrations and cargo temperatures are in order and meet the applicable provisions of the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code. The instructions should also require the surveyor to assess the apparent condition of the cargo and make suitable recommendations to the Master as to whether the mates receipts and bills of lading should be claused.
Failure to fulfil either of these requirements may prejudice cover.
IMSBC Code
The International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes Code contains a comprehensive entry regarding the carriage of coal. Although some of the requirements are summarised below, Members should refer to the IMSBC Code itself for full details and ensure that the provisions are strictly followed.
Cargo Declaration
Although there are many good shippers and mining operations in Kalimantan, it is reported that not all are providing adequate cargo declarations. Some of the declarations have been found to misrepresent the cargo by either stating that the cargo is Category A (a reference to the 1990 version of the Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes meaning it does not self-heat or emit methane) whilst others provide no details on the self-heating or methane emitting properties of the coal.
SOLAS Chapter VI and the IMSBC Code state that the shipper should provide the master or his representative with appropriate information sufficiently in advance on the properties of the cargo and recommendations regarding its safe handling, stowage and carriage so that the necessary precautions can be taken. In particular, the IMSBC Code requires the shipper to provide, in writing, the moisture content, sulphur content and particle size of the cargo, and information on whether it is liable to self-heat or emit methane, or both. A “Form for Cargo Information for Solid Bulk Cargoes” may be used for this purpose, an example of which can be found in Section 4 of the IMSBC Code. The master should insist that the shipper provides a cargo declaration that is consistent with the requirements of the IMSBC Code and should not load the cargo without it.
Loading and Carriage Requirements
In order to avoid problems of self-heating during the voyage and possibly while loading, the temperature of the cargo should be checked beforehand. Although not required by the IMSBC Code, an infra-red thermometer is an ideal tool for this task. Infra-red thermometers are relatively inexpensive and easily obtainable, and their use is recommended. The instrument may be used to “scan” the surface of the cargo prior to and during loading, allowing the master to be alerted if the temperature readings are found to be high. Vessels should also reject cargo exhibiting clear signs of self-heating such as barges containing smouldering coal.
During loading the holds should be sealed if a delay of more than an hour is anticipated. On completion of loading the cargo should be trimmed reasonably level to the boundaries of the cargo hold to prevent the development of fissures. Fissures increase the surface area of the cargo exposed to the air and thereby the risk of self-heating. Each hold should be closed immediately on completion, and hatch sealing tape may be applied to the hatch covers as an additional precaution. Only natural surface ventilation is permitted, limited to the absolute minimum time necessary to remove any methane which may have accumulated. Any vents that lead below the level of the cargo should be sealed as the introduction of air into the body of the cargo may promote self-heating.
The IMSBC Code states that personnel should not enter the cargo holds during the voyage due to the presence of methane and the possible hazards of toxic carbon monoxide gas and the depletion of oxygen if the cargo starts to self-heat. If it is essential to enter a hold, self-contained breathing apparatus must be worn and enclosed space entry procedures followed.
For bulk cargoes such as coal which are liable to emit toxic or flammable gas or lead to the depletion of oxygen, the IMSBC Code and SOLAS Chapter VI require the ship to carry an Administration approved gas detector. The gas detector must be capable of measuring levels of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide inside the holds without having to enter them. Gas detectors must be regularly serviced and calibrated in line with manufacturers’ recommendations, and ships’ personnel should be trained in their use. The IMSBC Code also requires vessels carrying coal to be provided with a means of measuring the pH values of cargo bilge samples.
Since coal emits carbon monoxide gas if it begins to self-heat, monitoring the amount of carbon monoxide inside a cargo hold is the most effective method of detection. Sampling points should be fitted to both sides of each cargo hold, either to the coaming or to the hatch covers, to ensure flexibility in the event of heavy weather. As far as practicable the same sampling points should be used when testing the atmosphere inside the cargo holds to ensure consistency.
The IMSBC Code also recommends that the ship monitors the temperature of the cargo in the holds from external locations during loading and while on passage, although the development of a hot spot in the coal may not be detected unless a temperature probe is located nearby. All gas detector and temperature readings should be recorded while loading and during the voyage.
Under normal conditions each cargo hold should be sampled daily and surface ventilation should be stopped at least four hours prior to sampling. If the carbon monoxide level is found to exceed 30 ppm, samples should be taken twice daily. If the readings exhibit a steady rise over three consecutive days or reach 50 ppm, a self-heating condition may exist. In such an event the cargo hold including the ventilation arrangements should be completely sealed.
The IMSBC Code further advises that the master should contact the company immediately if it appears that the cargo has started to self-heat. In addition the shipper should be notified and the Club should be informed as it may be necessary to appoint an expert to assess the situation and provide additional advice.
Such information should include:
-- Identity of the cargo spaces involved; monitoring results covering carbon monoxide, methane and oxygen concentrations
--If available, temperature of the cargo, location and method used to obtain results
--Time gas sample taken (monitoring routine)
--Time ventilators opened/closed
--Quantity of coal in hold(s) involved
--Type of coal as per cargo information, and any special precautions indicated on information
-- Date loaded, and ETA at intended discharge port (which shall be specified)
--Comments or observations from the ship’s master
In the event of a fire, boundary cooling of the affected holds should commence immediately and the master should consider heading towards the nearest port. Again, the Club should be notified without delay as the attendance of an expert may be necessary.
In the event of any queries, please contact the Claims or Loss Prevention department.
The Club is grateful to Burgoynes for the provision of information leaflets on “Self-heating of coal cargoes – Kalimantan, Indonesia” and “Gas Detectors” which form the basis of this Notice to Members. Copies of both leaflets are available on the Club’s website.
Source: West of England P&I Club / Hellenic Shipping News
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Tuesday, 27 August 13
AUSTRALIA NEWCASTLE COAL EXPORTS JUMPED 15.59 PERCENT ON WEEK
COALspot.com: Power plant and semi-soft coking coal shipments from Australia's Newcastle port up 15.59 per cent week on week to 2.76 million mt for ...
Sunday, 25 August 13
API 8 CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL: HEADING TO NORTH
COALspot.com – Sub-Bit Indonesia coal swaps (FOB ) for average Q4 2013 delivery US$ 2.39 up month on month. The swap was moved positive ...
Sunday, 25 August 13
THE FREIGHT MARKET S7 & S8 SECTOR IS EXPECTED TO BE STEADY/FIRM NEXT WEEK - VISTAAR
COALspot.com - The freight market continued to be firm with all indices moved positive except for Panamax which was slightly down (2 pct down).
T ...
Friday, 23 August 13
US PRODUCED MORE COAL WEEK ON WEEK - EIA
COALspot.com – United states the world’s second largest coal producer produced totaled approximately 20.80 million short tons (mmst) of ...
Thursday, 22 August 13
PANAMAX : PERIOD MARKET IS STILL BEING LED BY STRONGER SENTIMENT IN THE FFA'S - FEARNRESEARCH
Handy
This week started slowly as expected. Indo biz now rate APS around 7k +60k to china and around 8k+80k to India. However, there are some ships ...
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Showing 4151 to 4155 news of total 6871 |
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- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Planning Commission, India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- The University of Queensland
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
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