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Monday, 08 July 13
ECO-FRIENDLY COAL FOR CHINA - VALUE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND VALUE FOR THE POWER GENERATOR - BY: LINDSAY JUNIPER
COALspot.com : January 2013 saw an episode of extreme particulate pollution in Beijing 35 times worse than the safe level recommended by the World Health Organisation. The Chinese Government Environmental Authority reported that the pollution derived from vehicle exhaust (22%), industry (16%), natural dust (16%), coal burning (17%) and unaccounted (29%).
Prompted by this episode, Lindsay Juniper, Director at Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd and formerly the Director of Ultra Systems Technology Pty Ltd has written a paper entitled Eco-Friendly Coal for China – Value for the Environment and Value for the Power Generator. The paper’s objective is to investigate the extent to which Australian higher rank, low ash coal for power generation can contribute to a reduction in severe atmospheric pollution in a cost-effective way. In other words, the environment and power station performance can both be improved by utilizing better quality and relatively cleaner burning coals. But the quality of coals available on the seaborne market has been deteriorating in recent years so how is this to be achieved? To reverse the trend in coal quality deterioration a new, large volume source is required. China’s high ash, low rank domestic coal can be replaced with high rank, low ash imported coal soon to be sourced from Australia’s Galilee Basin.
Coal quality impacts on power station boiler efficiency. As quality improves less coal is needed to be mined, less coal needs to be transported to exporting ports, less coal needs to be transported from destination ports to the power stations and less coal needs to be burnt. All of these contribute to a better environmental outcome.
Coal with high ash content (20% or higher) causes power stations to emit more particulate matter into the atmosphere than if they used a lower ash (say 10%) coal. Higher levels of impurities (those coal components which do not contribute to the combustion process) such as ash and moisture cause power stations to operate at less than optimal efficiency. The higher the level of impurities, the less the energy content in the coal and the higher the volume consumed to achieve required power station outputs. Substituting low rank, high ash Chinese domestic coal with high rank, low ash Australian alternatives such as those planned to be exported from the Galilee Basin will result in less emissions in terms of actual particulates per tonne burnt as well as lower tonnages to be transported and burnt to achieve equivalent power station output.
China’s 12th Five Year Plan provides for a limit on domestic coal production, capping it at 3.9 billion tonnes per annum from 2015. Australian Galilee Basin coals will soon be available to support this measure by supplementing demand projected to exceed 3.9 billion tonnes in coming years with a cleaner more cost effective alternative to high ash coals. Options for supplementing coal production beyond 2015 by switching to other technologies (e.g. gas, renewables) are not optimal as these are not all capable of consistently providing fuel for base load power generation. Gas supply is limited and hydro power plants and other renewable sources are susceptible to external forces such as the availability of rainfall, wind and sunshine. Additionally nuclear power has been stigmatised by the Fukushima disaster in Japan.
Pricing and more importantly valuing coals is no longer a simple process of adjusting the price in accordance with the energy content. Price and value are now more accurately calculated by considering the impact the coal has on all of the purchase, transportation and utilisation costs involved in producing a unit of electricity. This is achieved by measuring the coal’s Value-in-Use. This calculates the impact of coal properties on the technical performance of the coal and their influence on costs within the power station including costs that relate to mitigation of any environmental impacts. Higher environmental value accrues through:
- A reduction in potentially deleterious trace element containing particulate material released to the atmosphere
- A reduction in CO emissions
- A reduction in ash disposal requirements.
In summary, it can be proven conclusively that improving coal quality contributes to an improvement in a power station’s environmental performance, and that coals need to be assessed based on the value they provide to a power station via the cost of production of electricity rather than on the simplistic basis of their cost per unit of contained energy.
Author: Lindsay Juniper, Director, Lindsay Juniper Pty Ltd.
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Friday, 20 September 13
DRY BULK MARKET REACHES NEW HEIGHTS THIS WEEK STANDING AT THREE-YEAR HIGH - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
The biggest rally of the dry bulk market in more than three years have brought back joy among ship owners, especially those active in the Capesize m ...
Friday, 20 September 13
US COAL PRODUCTION SLIGHTLY UP WEEK ON WEEK
COALspot.com – United States the world’s second largest coal producer produced totalled approximately 20.30 million short tons (mmst) of ...
Friday, 20 September 13
COLOMBIA SHIPPED 31.14 MILLION TONS OF THERMAL COAL IN H1
COALspot.com : Colombia’s coal exports fell by 20.59 percent in June 2013 compared to Colombia’s May's export of 7,633,579 MT.
Colom ...
Thursday, 19 September 13
CAPESIZE : AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS HAVE GAINED ALMOST USD 6K WOW - FEARNLEYS
Handy
The rates in Feast are still firm this week even the activity calmed down a bit as chrtrs are not in a rush to cover even their end Sept carg ...
Wednesday, 18 September 13
IRON ORE AND ZINC ARE BEST PERFORMING MINING SECTORS IN CURRENT LOW PRICE, HIGH COST ENVIRONMENT - WOOD MACKENZIE
With the fall in commodity prices, cash margins in the mining industry have come under pressure. Accordingly, producers and investors are placing in ...
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- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Planning Commission, India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- The University of Queensland
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- White Energy Company Limited
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
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