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Tuesday, 06 September 11
INDONESIAS PROPOSED COAL EXPORT BAN MAY HAVE IMPACT ON THE INDIAN POWER SECTOR - DIPESH DIPU
.jpg) COALspot.com - This is a special interview about Indonesian proposed coal export ban by 2014, with Mr. Dipesh Dipu, Director of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, India.
The Indonesian government is currently in the process of drafting a new regulation that could ban the export of low-grade coal by January 12, 2014. This is likely to apply to coal below 5700 kcal/kg on air dried basis in value.
As of now Indonesia is producing around 150 million tons of coal with calorific value below 5700 GAD (according to chairman of Indonesian coal mining association). However by 2014, there are possibilities the total production of below 5700 GAD coal may reach more than 200 million per annum.
Will Indonesian coal export ban impact on the Indian fuel requirements?
The earlier grade of coal that was being considered for proposed ban has GCV of 5100 kcal/kg of less (adb), which can be comparable to 3800-4200 kcal/kg (arb) domestic coal available in India. This grade of coal has found favor in India primarily due to likely price advantage but economics of power generation based on such grade of imported coal may be a suspect. This considering that such grades of coal from Indonesia typically have high moisture content, which makes transportation cost per unit of energy generated higher. The quantum of the low grade of coal (<5100 kcal/kg adb) procured from Indonesia is likely to remain relatively low.
However, if the new definition of low grade coal is applied (<5700 kcal/kg adb), it may be reasonable to believe that such a ban may have impact on the Indian power sector as volumes in this grade of coal are expected to rise in the proportion of coal exports to India. Several of the acquisitions made by Indian power generation companies in Indonesia have been in coal blocks that will produce coal of this grade, and a blanket ban on the exports can jeopardize power plant development in India.
On the other hand, the domestic Indonesian market may not be prepared to consume all the coal mined of this grade in view of the power generation capacity addition plans in Indonesia. In such a case, the coal mine development is likely to be deferred. The Indonesian law makers may need to reconsider domestic market demand, investment climate in coal sector and impact of the legislation on the export revenues.
What is the alternative source for Indian power industry if the proposed coal export ban come into effect by 2014?
Indian power generation companies have been forced to look out for coal assets abroad due to the investment and regulatory environment within the country. India boasts of more than 110 billion tonnes of coal reserves, which largely fall within a 300 meters of depth. If the regulatory and investment environment is amended to allow greater participation of private sector Indian dependence on imports will be reduced.
However, for imports, India will continue to look at Indonesia, South Africa, Australia and newer destinations like Mozambique and Columbia. But these sources also have constraints, domestic demands in South Africa is likely to restrict quantum jump in exports out of South Africa. Indonesia has also proposed domestic market obligations. Mozambique may have infrastructure constraints for large volumes of coal being transported from Tete province to ports of Maputo, Ncala or Beira. Australian coal is of high quality but may have higher costs of mining and transport.
What would be the additional cost if Indian consumers switch their sourcing origin from Indonesia?
Indonesia has competitive advantage due to its geographical closeness. However, on a per tonne basis, assuming comparable quality, costs of transport may make marginal difference when compared with South Africa and Mozambique.
When compared to Australian coal, due to the high quality, cost of energy may well be comparable even though shipping costs are higher. Between Indonesian coal (5500 kcal/kg adb priced at USD 90 per tonne) and Australian coal (6500 kcal/kg adb priced at USD 120 per tonne), indicative variable cost difference of power generation may be about Indian Rupees 0.20 to 0.30 per kWh (electricity unit) in favor of Indonesian coal.
Will it affect Indian economy growth or this coal export ban is ignorable as India can easily identify alternative sources of fuel?
The magnitude of growth in power generation in India will necessarily mean that coal will remain the mainstay. Natural gas has had issues of availability. Nuclear plant development is facing socio-political challenge in view of the risks of technology failure. Development of hydel power has also faced issues of land acquisition, rehabilitation & resettlement apart from the technical issues of hydro-geological features. Renewable sources such as solar and wind generation are still projected to constitute a small portion of India power generation mix. Identifying an alternative source that can match coal in its accessibility, availability and affordability in the context of scale of capacity addition required in India is a challenge.
What is the Indian government's role on this issue, whether government has to come out with the solution such as easing Indian mining and environment law, open up mining for foreigners, G2G arrangement, etc…?
There is a need to look at domestic sources with pro-active and constructive approach and make all necessary legal and statutory amendments that make the resources available and mineable. Easing the regulations may not be one of such measures but making those regulations work in sync with each other in a time bound and predictable manner must certainly be.
There is certainly a case for opening the domestic coal sector for private participation, including independent miners, and for foreign participation so that newer technology and enhanced scale of operations are implemented in India. The regulation also needs to permit risk capital to come in for prospecting and exploration.
For imports the G2G relations can be leveraged to secure coal assets. India has good relationship with Indonesia and has also signed a tax treaty with Mozambique in 2010 which will facilitate investments. Government may also engage with these countries to ease exports to India and extend fiscal support to coal mining companies investing in mining and associated infrastructure development.
About Dipesh Dipu
Dipesh Dipu works as Director with Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India Pvt. Ltd in the Energy and Resources consulting practice of the firm and anchors the Firm’s initiative in the mining and metals sectors.
He is a mining engineering graduate from Indian School of Mines and is a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA). He has also done executive program in business management from Indian Institute of Management Calcutta. Dipesh has recently been awarded the Abheraj Baldota Gold Medal for the Young Mining Engineer of the Year 2007 by the Mining Engineers’ Association of India in recognition of his contributions in the improvement of mining industry in India.
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Wednesday, 12 March 14
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KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
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- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Australian Coal Association
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- PTC India Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
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