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Wednesday, 13 May 09
COAL SUPPLY MAY BE VASTLY OVERESTIMATED - ABC SCIENCE
 The world's coal supply suggests reserves may be vastly overestimated and we could be facing an unprecedented global energy crisis, according to a US expert.
On the flip side, a dwindling supply of coal could also throw the brakes on global warming, some argue.
Common knowledge about coal is that major producing nations like China, the United States and Australia, have enough to last hundreds of years, far beyond the reach of oil, which may already be in its twilight years.
But worldwide coal production could plateau as early as 2025, according to one new estimate, and a growing group of scientists are concerned that fossil fuel supplies may begin dwindling by mid-century.
Last year, David Rutledge of the California Institute of Technology analysed the coal production patterns of five regions around the world - eastern Pennsylvania, France, Germany's Ruhr Valley, the United Kingdom and Japan - each of which was producing at less than a tenth of its peak levels.
He found that each of the depleted regions followed a rough bell curve of production; initial production was followed by a steep ramp-up, a plateau near peak levels, and then a consistent decline.
When he applied the same formula to coal data from around the world, the results were startling.
The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's maximum estimate for extractable coal is about 3000 billion tonnes. Rutledge's calculations suggest just 600 billion tonnes.
The problem with the IPCC estimate is that it lumps coal reserves, which are easy to mine, with coal resources, which may be impossible to mine.
Time for rethink
Rutledge's study also shows that, historically, national governments in the five regions have overestimated their reserves by a factor of four on average.
"These appraisals are large-scale issues," he says. "But they're done by governments. What's the incentive for governments not to give a number that is too high?"
James Murray of the University of Washington agrees.
In a talk being presented later this month at the American Geophysical Union Joint Assembly, he plans to call for a re-evaluation of IPCC emissions scenarios, all 40 of which overstate humanity's ability to emit the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, according to Rutledge's numbers.
The committee's projections predict CO2 levels in the atmosphere to approach 500 parts per million by 2050, if emissions continue on their current trend.
But Rutledge's work suggest that even if humans burn all the coal and oil we can get our hands on, we won't be able to push CO2 past 450 ppm. Oil sands and other unconventional fossil fuels probably won't add much to that total.
Murray and Rutledge diverge on the question of climate effects, though.
Using IPCC models, Rutlgedge argues that global temperatures won't get higher than 2°C above pre-industrial levels, at the lower end of what scientists think might spark 'dangerous' climate change.
"We're still going to have global warming, and it's a serious threat," says Murray. "I have no doubt the IPCC dramatically underestimates climate sensitivity."
Regardless of climate impacts, the concern over looming energy scarcity may be more acute than ever.
"I think we'll see peak coal somewhere between 2025 and 2035," says Richard Heinberg of the Post Carbon Institute in California. "This has huge economic implications. Without growth in our energy supplies, it's very difficult to see how we're going to grow the economy."
Source: http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/05/13/2569143.htm
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Wednesday, 13 May 09
INDONESIA ADARO NET PROFIT, REVENUE TO RISE IN 2009 - REUTERS
INDONESIA's largest coal producer by market value, PT Adaro Energy Tbk, expects double-digit growth in revenue and net profit this year, an officia ...
Wednesday, 13 May 09
ALPHA TO BUY RIVAL, CREATING NEW US COAL HEAVYWEIGHT - MININGWEEKLY.COM
Alpha Natural Resources, the biggest supplier of metallurgical coal in the US, has agreed to buy Maryland-based rival Foundation Coal for about $1,4 ...
Tuesday, 12 May 09
CHINA MINERS CUT COAL PRICE OFFER TO JAPAN UTILITIES - ALIBABA.COM
* Producers cut offer to $75.50 a tonne from over $80
* Negotiations may conclude soon as price gap narrows
* New offer at discount of about 43 pe ...
Tuesday, 12 May 09
INDO TAMBANGRAYA SEES 2010 COAL OUTPUT UP 25 PCT - REUTERS
Indonesian coal miner, PT Indo Tambangraya Megah (ITMG.JK), expects coal output to increase by up to 25 percent next year as production kicks in at ...
Tuesday, 12 May 09
INDIKA EXPECTS TO INCREASE COAL PRODUCTION BY 12.68% IN 2010 - THE JAKARTA POST
Energy and infrastructure company PT Indika Energy, the parent company of Indonesia's third largest coal producer PT Kideco Jaya Agung, expects its ...
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- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Planning Commission, India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
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