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Wednesday, 13 May 09
COAL SUPPLY MAY BE VASTLY OVERESTIMATED - ABC SCIENCE
 The world's coal supply suggests reserves may be vastly overestimated and we could be facing an unprecedented global energy crisis, according to a US expert.
On the flip side, a dwindling supply of coal could also throw the brakes on global warming, some argue.
Common knowledge about coal is that major producing nations like China, the United States and Australia, have enough to last hundreds of years, far beyond the reach of oil, which may already be in its twilight years.
But worldwide coal production could plateau as early as 2025, according to one new estimate, and a growing group of scientists are concerned that fossil fuel supplies may begin dwindling by mid-century.
Last year, David Rutledge of the California Institute of Technology analysed the coal production patterns of five regions around the world - eastern Pennsylvania, France, Germany's Ruhr Valley, the United Kingdom and Japan - each of which was producing at less than a tenth of its peak levels.
He found that each of the depleted regions followed a rough bell curve of production; initial production was followed by a steep ramp-up, a plateau near peak levels, and then a consistent decline.
When he applied the same formula to coal data from around the world, the results were startling.
The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's maximum estimate for extractable coal is about 3000 billion tonnes. Rutledge's calculations suggest just 600 billion tonnes.
The problem with the IPCC estimate is that it lumps coal reserves, which are easy to mine, with coal resources, which may be impossible to mine.
Time for rethink
Rutledge's study also shows that, historically, national governments in the five regions have overestimated their reserves by a factor of four on average.
"These appraisals are large-scale issues," he says. "But they're done by governments. What's the incentive for governments not to give a number that is too high?"
James Murray of the University of Washington agrees.
In a talk being presented later this month at the American Geophysical Union Joint Assembly, he plans to call for a re-evaluation of IPCC emissions scenarios, all 40 of which overstate humanity's ability to emit the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide, according to Rutledge's numbers.
The committee's projections predict CO2 levels in the atmosphere to approach 500 parts per million by 2050, if emissions continue on their current trend.
But Rutledge's work suggest that even if humans burn all the coal and oil we can get our hands on, we won't be able to push CO2 past 450 ppm. Oil sands and other unconventional fossil fuels probably won't add much to that total.
Murray and Rutledge diverge on the question of climate effects, though.
Using IPCC models, Rutlgedge argues that global temperatures won't get higher than 2°C above pre-industrial levels, at the lower end of what scientists think might spark 'dangerous' climate change.
"We're still going to have global warming, and it's a serious threat," says Murray. "I have no doubt the IPCC dramatically underestimates climate sensitivity."
Regardless of climate impacts, the concern over looming energy scarcity may be more acute than ever.
"I think we'll see peak coal somewhere between 2025 and 2035," says Richard Heinberg of the Post Carbon Institute in California. "This has huge economic implications. Without growth in our energy supplies, it's very difficult to see how we're going to grow the economy."
Source: http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/05/13/2569143.htm
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Saturday, 16 May 09
FREIGHT MARKET HAS BEEN EXTREMELY BUOYANT - VISTAAR SINGAPORE
COALspot.com (Singapore): The week saw the BDI rally continuing and the market freight market has been extremely buoyant, VISTAAR Shipping Pte Limit ...
Friday, 15 May 09
INDIKA EXPECTS TO INCREASE COAL PRODUCTION BY 12.68% IN 2010 - THE JAKARTA POST
ENERGY and infrastructure company PT Indika Energy, the parent company of Indonesia's third largest coal producer PT Kideco Jaya Agung, expects its ...
Thursday, 14 May 09
INDONESIA 2009 COAL OUTPUT REVISED DOWN - REUTERS
* Indonesia coal output seen at 240 million tonnes in 2009
* Coal exports down 11.2 pct to 44.79 mln tonnes in Q1 2009
* Production down 1.4 pct t ...
Thursday, 14 May 09
PAKISTAN WILL IMPORT 3.2 MILLION TON OF COAL IN 2009 - SEATRADE
COALspot.com (Pakistan) - SEATRADE Group of pakistan a single largest imported coal supplier in Pakistan, forecasting Pakistan steam coal imports wi ...
Wednesday, 13 May 09
ADARO, ITM EXPECT COAL GROWTH IN 2009
Adaro, which has a market capitalization of $3.64 billion, sells to 48 customers in 18 countries worldwide, including power utilities Thai Power and ...
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- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- The University of Queensland
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Economic Council, Georgia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Australian Coal Association
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
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