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Friday, 22 March 24
CASE STUDY: DANGERS OF COAL CARGO - SKULD
 Recently, a bulk cargo vessel carrying coal from South Africa to Singapore suffered a fatal accident, resulting in the deaths of three crew members who were found in a full cargo hold.
This is the second incident of its kind, as a similar accident occurred on another vessel carrying coal cargo in 2019, resulting in the deaths of two crew members. In that case, the electrical engineer died while conducting a cargo hold water ingress alarm test, and one of the rescue crew members died because of entering the confined space without a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
These coal transport and confined space entry incidents highlight the inherent dangers of the process. To prevent such incidents and ensure the safety of the crew, it is important to understand the risks associated with coal cargoes and the hazardous gases that can be produced.
Danger of coal cargo
As a combustible material, coal poses significant risks during transport. Coal can emit flammable gases, such as methane and hydrogen, which increase the potential hazards. Coal cargoes may release toxic gases, including carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are harmful to human health.
Flammable gases
Methane and hydrogen are commonly emitted by coal cargoes, increasing the risk of fire and explosion.
Toxic gases
Carbon monoxide (CO)
It is important to note that carbon monoxide is highly toxic and can cause asphyxiation. Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless gas that can be produced during the oxidation of coal. It is highly toxic when inhaled and has an affinity for haemoglobin in the blood over 200 times greater than that of oxygen. Exposure to carbon monoxide can cause asphyxiation, breathing difficulties and other serious health problems.
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
Coal combustion can release sulphur dioxide, a toxic gas that can cause respiratory problems and contribute to air pollution.
Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Coal combustion can also produce nitrogen oxides, which are harmful gases that contribute to air pollution and can cause respiratory problems.
Oxygen depletion
Coal oxidation can lead to oxygen depletion in the hold, increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide. This can create an oxygen-deficient environment, which is dangerous for anyone entering the hold.
It is essential that appropriate precautions are taken during the handling and transport of coal cargoes to mitigate these risks. This includes properly monitoring gas levels, ensuring adequate ventilation, and following the safety guidelines set out in the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code.
Confined spaces
Cargo holds and confined spaces on ships carrying coal are prone to the accumulation of harmful gases. These spaces are often inadequately ventilated, which can result in the accumulation of toxic fumes, flammable gases, and reduced oxygen levels.
Special care should be taken when working in these spaces and areas. Risk assessment and confined space entry procedures should be followed.
Precautions
Understanding the risks posed by coal cargoes, the generation of noxious gases and the hazard of cargo holds and confined spaces is essential to ensure the safety of ship management and crew members. By implementing appropriate safety measures, carrying out regular inspections and providing adequate training and equipment, risks can be minimised, creating a safer environment for all involved in coal transportation.
Ship management and crew members must prioritise safety and take the following precautions:
Do not enter cargo holds or other areas where gases may accumulate without proper ventilation and gas control.
Carry out a risk assessment before and during coal transport.
Ensure that all crew are properly trained on the hazards and risks of coal cargo shipments.
Conduct regular confined space entry and rescue drills and emergency response training for crew.
Management should ensure that appropriate SMS procedures for the carriage of coal are established and implemented on board the ship.
Source: Skuld
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Monday, 09 March 20
OPEC+ 'NO DEAL' A BLOW TO THE MARKET - WOOD MACKENZIE
Speaking after today’s OPEC+ meeting broke up, Ann-Louise Hittle, vice president, Macro Oils, at Wood Mackenzie, said: “Today’s o ...
Monday, 09 March 20
KOREA EAST-WEST POWER INVITED BIDS FOR 150,000 MT OF MIN 4,400 - MAX 5,499 NAR COAL
COALspot.com: KOREA EAST-WEST POWER CO. LTD. of South Korea has issued an international tender for total 150,000 MT of LCV coal for May – Jun ...
Sunday, 08 March 20
SUPRAMAX: A 55,000DWT VESSEL FIXING DELIVERY FROM EAST KALIMANTAN FOR A TRIP TO VIETNAM AT $9,100 - BALTIC BRIEFING
SUPRAMAX/ULTRAMAX - A 56,000DWT VESSEL FIXED DELIVERY SOUTH CHINA TRIP VIA INDONESIA, REDELIVERY EAST COAST INDIA, IN THE $6,000S
SUPRAMAX/U ...
Friday, 06 March 20
CHINA RESUMES 83.4 PCT COAL PRODUCTION CAPACITY AMID EPIDEMIC - XINHUA
China has resumed 83.4 percent of its coal production capacity amid the fight against the novel coronavirus outbreak, the National Energy Administr ...
Friday, 06 March 20
COLOMBIAN COAL OUTPUT FELL 2% IN 2019 - REUTERS
Coal production in Colombia, the fifth-largest coal exporter in the world, fell 2% to 82.2 million tonnes in 2019 after output at one of the princi ...
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- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- The University of Queensland
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Planning Commission, India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Australian Coal Association
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Economic Council, Georgia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
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