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Tuesday, 19 October 21
COAL INDIA, THE FALL GUY FOR POWER CRISIS - INDIA EXPRESS
The post-Covid economic recovery has led to a major increase in the demand for power, both in India and globally. In India, coal-based power plants have witnessed rapid depletion of coal stocks from a comfortable 28 days at the end of March to a precarious level of four days by the end of September. The country is struggling to understand how the crisis is likely to pan out in the near future. Coal India Ltd (CIL) has been unfairly attacked, even as it gears up to play a crucial role in fighting the power crisis.
The reasons for the crisis are not hard to find. These are structural as well as operational. A government-appointed committee in the early 1990s concluded that CIL “cannot be expected to meet the demand of the power sector, in case the pace of capacity addition accelerates.” This led to an amendment in the Coal Mines Nationalisation Act (CMNA) in 1993 that enabled the government to take away 200 coal blocks of 28 billion tons from CIL and allocate them to end-users for the captive mining of coal. These end-users, mostly in the private sector, failed to produce any significant quantity of coal to meet the rapidly rising power capacity between 2007 and 2016. The cancellation of 214 blocks by the Supreme Court added to the problem.
Commensurate to the captive mines allocated to the end-user industries, the coal production today should have been at least 500 million tonnes per annum (mtpa). In reality, this has never exceeded 60 mtpa. CIL, with denuded reserves, is called to meet the rising gap in coal supplies. These structural factors fuelled not just over-expectations from CIL, they also kept the company in a constant state of stress.
On the operational side, power plants are required by the Central Electricity Authority (CEA) to maintain a minimum stock of 15 to 30 days of normative coal consumption, depending upon the distance of the plant from the source of coal. The compliance with this directive by power plants has been severely lacking. This enhances the vulnerability of power plants, particularly those at longer distances, to supply constraints on account of the coal producer or transporter.
The persistent non-payment of coal sale dues by power plants to coal companies has created a serious strain on their working capital position. Some companies were forced to borrow from banks to meet the operational expenses, including disbursement of salaries. According to reports, Rs 18,000 crore is currently due to coal producers.
The persistent shortage of coal production by the privatised and captive mines forced India to import around 200 million tonnes (mt) of coal. Of this, more than 40 per cent goes to meet the demands of power plants. A spurt in imported coal prices, mainly due to a major increase in coal imports by China, acted as a brake on imports of coal. This escalated the demand for domestic coal.
Simultaneously, from August, the demand for thermal power witnessed a sudden rise after stagnating for over three years. The spurt in demand for coal is being linked to the post-Covid economic recovery. In the short run, the coal production by CIL has faced severe headwinds in the first quarter due to the second wave of the pandemic. Thousands of workers and officers were infected and hospitalised and more than 250 CIL employees lost their lives. In the second quarter, the extended monsoon severely affected open-cast mining. These added to supply disruptions and aggravated the crisis.
Despite so many constraining factors, it is to the credit of CIL that it has achieved a growth of 14 million tonnes (mt) or 5.8 per cent in coal production during the first half of 2021-22. Yet, the offtake was higher than the preceding year by 52 mt or 20.6 per cent. This was possible by drawing down on the opening inventory of coal from 100 mt to 42 mt during April to September.
With the monsoons behind us and the onset of a good productive season, CIL has already stepped up coal offtake to more than 1.5 mt per day. It is expected to rise further to 1.6/1.7 mt in the next few weeks. With these efforts, supply will match, if not exceed consumption. With efforts on the part of the railways in moving the coal, the crisis should dissipate in the near future, at least for power plants that pay timely for coal supplies. Obviously, it will take a few months for coal stock at power plants to climb to comfortable levels in line with the CEA’s norms.
Besides meeting the growing coal demand of power plants, CIL has been able to significantly replace the import of highly expensive thermal coal. Even after bearing the highest tax and transport cost globally, the landed cost of CIL coal continues to be much cheaper than imported coal at almost all destinations. The resultant benefits are savings of foreign exchange, and generation of power at affordable tariffs. The coal price charged by CIL, expressed in energy units, is at a deep discount of 60-70 per cent of imported coal.
In brief, CIL has been unfairly blamed for the coal crisis. It has played a stellar role, standing like a solid rock between light and darkness. It is striving to build comfortable stocks at the power plants, not in default of payment. The company has ramped up coal production despite the 1990s policy that took away coal blocks of 28 billion tonnes of reserves. It is time that the country recognises the critical role of CIL. It needs bouquets rather than brickbats.
Source: The India Express
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Saturday, 16 October 21
COAL IS 'KING' AS GAS PRICES SOAR, TOTAL CEO SAYS - AND IT’S BACKFIRING ON CLEANER ENERGY GOALS - CNBC
Surging natural gas prices have led to a jump in coal use, with plants in Europe and Asia firing back up as temperatures decline and the world grap ...
Saturday, 16 October 21
VIETNAM'S COAL-FIRED POWER MAY DOUBLE BY 2030 UNDER DRAFT ENERGY PLAN - REUTERS
Vietnam may double the amount of coal-fired electric generation it installs by 2030 under a draft power development plan submitted to the prime min ...
Friday, 15 October 21
AUSTRALIA'S WHITEHAVEN EXPECTS TO BE DEBT-FREE NEXT YEAR AS COAL PRICES SOAR - REUTERS
Australia’s Whitehaven Coal WHC.AX said on Thursday it expects to be debt-free by early 2022, as thermal coal prices surge to record highs on ...
Friday, 15 October 21
WINTER CHILL KEEPS CHINA'S COAL PRICES HIGH, POWER CRUNCH STOKES INFLATION - REUTERS
China coal prices held near record highs on Thursday as cold weather swept into the country’s north and power plants stocked up on the fuel t ...
Friday, 15 October 21
GLOBAL STEEL DEMAND GROWTH DOWNGRADED FOR 2021 DUE TO CHINA - WORLD STEEL ASSOCIATION
The World Steel Association (worldsteel) today released an update of its Short Range Outlook (SRO) for 2021 and 2022. worldsteel forecasts that ste ...
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- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
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- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
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- India Bulls Power Limited - India
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- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
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- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
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- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
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- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
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- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
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- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Deloitte Consulting - India
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- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
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- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
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- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
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- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
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- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
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- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
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- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
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- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
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- Romanian Commodities Exchange
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- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
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- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
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- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
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- Latin American Coal - Colombia
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- Indian Energy Exchange, India
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- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
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- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
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- VISA Power Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
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- The Treasury - Australian Government
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
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- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
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