BlackRock and Meketa say divestment from fossil fuels improves, not weakens, investment returns
Two major financial management firms, BlackRock and Meketa, have separately concluded that investment funds have experienced no negative financial impacts from divesting from fossil fuels. In fact, they found evidence of modest improvement in fund return, according to draft reports undertaken at the request of New York City’s comptroller on behalf of three of the city’s pension funds.
Several of their core findings are noteworthy:
Divestment actions by hundreds of funds worldwide have passed the prudence tests required of fiduciaries.
Fossil fuel stocks have underperformed for the last five years and forward-looking analysis shows they are exposed to significant regulatory, technological and market risks.
Transition readiness standards allow Funds to improve their targeting of how divestment can take place in a way that aligns with the philosophy and mission of a specific Fund.
There is no uniform model for divestment. Some funds divested from coal but most adopted broader divestment strategies across the coal, oil and gas sectors. All divestment options have proven to be financially sound.
The global trend in the investment world is toward more public pension fund divestment from fossil fuels. In the past, such actions were mostly consigned to university, foundations and other private institutions. The size of individual Funds that are currently divesting is increasing.
The companies undertook this research under contract to advise on the divestment plans of the New York City Employees ‘ Retirement System (NYCEDRS), the Teachers Retirement System (TRS) and the Board of Education Retirement System (BERS), which had set goals for divestiture but wanted advice on how to develop and implement an orderly divestment process.
BlackRock and Meketa each produced three draft reports related to divestment: 1) a survey of asset owners that divested and those that did not divest; 2) an analysis of the types of financial, environmental and climate risks faced by fossil fuel companies and standards for readiness to address the transition; and 3) an assessment of divestment options and portfolio performance.
These reports should be required reading for anyone with an interest in the topic.
They are prepared for a fiduciary’s use. The reports have wide applicability as a road map for other funds and investors that are deliberating climate impact and risk. The studies carry the trademark of BlackRock, one of the most respected investment houses in the world and also Meketa: a mid-sized investment advisor that is future-forward. In other words, these are not studies that can be easily dismissed as fundamentally either pro- or anti-fossil fuel.
The research and conclusions are, above all, practical. They include an extensive treatment of how other funds of varying sizes and missions have arrived at the decision to divest. They discuss what policies these funds adopted, the timing and any other steps needed for implementation.
Questions of fiduciary obligation, costs, post-divestment performance asssessment, adoption of climate action plans and investments in renewable energy are all addressed.
They contain several research products that add to the literature on investment theory and climate change, corporate finance and the dynamics of introducing sustainability standards into the traditional fiduciary model. The research perspective pertains to specific stand-alone strategies of individual companies and their management of sustainability and broader economy-wide trade-offs that are taking place as part of the energy transition. One constant theme that runs through the reports is that the adoption of sustainable investment standards is not penalized by the market, but rather is, by and large, rewarded.
These arguments are useful to fiduciaries, but they are perhaps even more valuable to investment professionals who have been reluctant to support divestment as a sound approach. The research leaves few arguments remaining on the table about whether divestment is valid and can be achieved, or why it is increasingly important as a risk-mitigation strategy.
These reports are the product of investment professionals. They are produced for a fiduciary that is offering a leadership position on the issue of investments and climate change. The fiduciary has accepted its financial obligation. The enormity of the climate issue is not clouding its pursuit of the best fiduciary decision. The studies show, at bottom, that the traditional requirements of prudence and due diligence continue to provide clear direction through a period of immense change, and that divestment from fossil fuels is a responsible course of action for the fiduciary of an investment fund.
