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Wednesday, 04 May 16
COAL IMPORTS: A VOLATILE MATTER OR STILL POWERING DOWN? - CLARKSONS
ClarksonsChinese coal imports decreased significantly in 2014-15, and so far in 2016 the pace of decline appears to have slowed, with imports even recording positive y-o-y growth in March. The recent improvement has partly been supported by a reduction in domestic coal supply, and increased domestic coal prices, but can this slightly more positive momentum in
Chinese imports be sustained?

Domestic Coal Dominated
Chinese seaborne coal imports started to surge back in 2009, and China rapidly became the world’s largest coal importer, with imports topping 300mt in 2013. While this volume accounted for 24% of global seaborne coal trade, it only represented 7% of China’s total coal use, with the rest accounted for by domestic supply. Growth in imports was partly driven by higher domestic coal prices, which also led to firm expansion in Chinese coal production capacity during this period.

Slow Burner?
In the last ten years China has added an average of 320mtpa of new coal production capacity. While estimated 1.1bt of less efficient capacity was removed in 2006-15 (based on available reports), total coal production capacity still registered a net increase of around 3.0bt over the last ten years. Meanwhile, in 2012 the pace of growth in Chinese coal consumption started to slow, and coal use fell 4% in both 2014 and 2015, exerting pressure on domestic coal prices and reducing the price advantage of imported coal over domestic material. This, combined with environmental measures, limited demand for imported coal, and Chinese seaborne coal imports fell sharply by 11% in 2014, and 30% in 2015 to total 188mt last year.

Supply Slice
However, the recent focus on ‘supply-side’ reform in China’s industrial sector has led to a further drop in coal production this year, with output down 3% y-o-y in the first two months of 2016. This has contributed to an increase in domestic coal prices in recent months, and seaborne coal imports in March grew y-o-y for the first time in almost two years, rising 3%, with total imports in Q1 down 6%.

Capacity Challenges
Looking ahead, China aims to cut a further 0.5-1.0bt of coal production capacity between 2016 and 2020, and has halted new coal mine approvals for the next three years. While this may help reduce total production capacity, a significant volume of the 5.7bt of capacity is current idled or producing at a slower rate. A general improvement in domestic coal prices could lead to increased production from these mines, potentially offsetting the impact of further capacity closures.

So, oversupply in the coal sector is unlikely to be resolved rapidly. The domestic coal market has improved slightly in recent months, but given that imports account for a small share of China’s coal use, the balance between domestic output and consumption is likely to lead to short-term volatility in imports. Nevertheless, with coal consumption not expected to pick up significantly in coming years, partly reflecting a greater environmental focus, for now the most likely scenario is that pressure on imports will remain into the longer-term.
Source: Clarksons


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