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Sunday, 11 October 15
TANKER SHIPPING: MORE OPTIMISM IN SIGHT FOR TANKERS IN THE WINTER SEASON - BIMCO
 Demand:
2015 has been the year of the tanker. The fundamental improvements with slow supply-side growth for some years coupled with low oil prices from mid-2014 created strength on both sides. Freight rates started to take off in October 2014 for all types and sizes. The combination of an early start to the fourth-quarter seasonal strength heading into winter and the fact that the oil prices continued to slide became a catalyst.
Throughout 2015, the global refinery throughput has been on a rise. The normal seasonal lower throughput in the first half of the year with widespread maintenance did not occur. Owing to rising and already elevated refinery margins from East to West, refineries simply wanted all the crude oil they could get. This development still provides strong demand and solid freight rates for the tanker industry. In India, we saw a record of 4.74 million barrels per day (mb/d) of crude throughput in June, marking a truly global trend, whereas Middle Eastern refineries also hit a record throughput because of increased runs in Saudi Arabia.
October is traditionally another month of lower throughput as refineries get ready for the winter season when crude runs normally peak. Moreover, the American “Labor Day” on 7 September marks the end of the US driving season which started on Memorial Day, 25 May. This means that the recent 10mb/d production of gasoline will come down.
Some of that weakness may already have caused freight rates to come down sharply, in combination with the global financial uncertainties originating from China. Very large crude Carriers (VLCCs), Suezmax and Aframax have seen freight rates cut in two since mid-June, while Handysize has been the one to drop the most among oil product tankers.
In a rush of excitement, it’s easily forgotten that such high refinery crude runs can only go on for so long, if end consumption supports it. End consumption has supported it some of the way but not all the way. Swollen stocks of crude oil and oil products are now seen everywhere. Preliminary OECD total industry stock change in second-quarter was 1.1mb/d. All stocks but gasoline increased, US crude oil stocks too. In comparison global oil demand dropped by 0.1mb/d over the same period of time and is expected to see an increase of 1.6mb/d to be consumed for the full year over 2014.
Supply:
Contrary to what happens too often, the strong freight markets for oil product tankers have not resulted in a knee-jerk run to the shipyard to order a massive amount of new ships. This stands in opposition to the crude oil tanker orders seen in 2015, as if the lid has come off finally after several years of resisting the temptation.
By end-August 2015, 56 product tankers with a total capacity of 4.8 million DWT, predominantly LR2 (20) and LR1 (21), have been ordered and will be delivered in 2016-17. They are aiming to get a share of the market for longer-haul trades out of Middle East refineries, predominantly into the Western markets. This ordering trend has been on for two years now.
Among the crude oil tanker segments, we have already seen more orders for both Aframax and VLCCs than we did in the whole of 2014. Aframax in particular has been popular with investors this year; after six years with one order a month on average, 2015 has seen 29 new contracts in the first eight months. For the VLCCs, the orders with delivery in particular 2017 (21) and in 2018 (14) have been favoured by investors. In 2015, 50 new VLCC contracts in total have been signed.
One of the launchers which has lifted the freight rates into orbit is two years of very slow fleet growth. Today the fleet holds 648 VLCCs, whereas 628 VLCCs were active by mid-2013. That’s a growth of just 3% in 26 months. Looking forward into the future inflow of crude oil tankers, we can see the delivery pace is picking up and the demolition potential is vanishing with just 14 VLCCs being more than 20 years old and another 16 getting inside the window of the fourth special survey in 2016.
On order for a scheduled delivery during the next 16 months are 71 VLCCs. This means a double-paced inflow as it has taken 34 months for the latest 71 VLCCs to be put into active service.
The change in supply-side conditions will slowly tighten the freight market, and as we look into 2016, the tide could turn fundamentally as a fleet growth of 4.4% is likely to outstrip demand growth. As the coming two years are now “full” in terms of remaining in control of supply-side growth, any additional crude oil tanker orders should be placed for 2018 delivery.
BIMCO forecasts the present and next year supply growth for oil product tankers to be at 5.4% and 5.7% respectively, meaning two “full” years too for that segment.
Outlook:
Looking forward, the winter markets are expected to soften, as the eventual lower refinery crude oil throughput when no more stocks can be filled and margins begin to crumble as demand slips. Until then BIMCO expects earnings for both crude oil and oil product tankers to remain strong. Our expectations are primarily supported by low fleet growth for crude oil tankers and long-haul trades for oil product tankers.
High volatility in freight rates can be expected in the coming half year half a year, when it may also be prudent to look at the time charter market, where one- and three-year time charter rates are both at their highest level since 2009. At USD 48,000 per day and USD 43,500 per day, time charters will make positive returns after all costs inclusive of capital cost and depreciations are deducted.
In the longer run, an eventual repeal of the US crude oil export ban will likely have some impact on the tanker trading lanes. The US congress is set to vote on the issues during this autumn. For the supporters the case is clear: US refineries are saturated with light sweet crude which is produced abundantly. For those in favour of keeping the crude oil export ban still in place there is “national interest”, which currently seems to hold the upper hand. Currently, the only crude oil exports today go to Canada (0.5mb/d).
Moreover, the eventual lifting of international sanctions on Iran is likely to see a steady increase in crude oil, both sweet and sour, into the market over the coming one to three years, depending on much-needed investments to boost production and time to regain market shares. BIMCO expects the re-entry of Iranian crude oil into the market will change trade patterns as other suppliers will be squeezed on their market share. The key will be West African produced sweet crude now going to Europe and East Asia. The latter is the vital one and a stronghold behind the current upturn. The overall impact on the tanker earnings from these changes holds the potential to become both negative and positive.
Source: BIMCO | Hellenic Shipping News
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Tuesday, 22 September 15
1Q16 FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAP DECLINED 6.49 PER CENT M-M
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swap for delivery 4Q 2015 declined month on month and week over week.
The 4Q swap declined $ 2.29 (-5.42%) per t ...
Tuesday, 22 September 15
FOB RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAPS FALL CONTINUES
COALspot.com: API4 FOB Richards Bay Coal swap for delivery 4Q' 2015 declined week over week and month over month.
The 4Q swap was down US$ ...
Monday, 21 September 15
Q4' 15 FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAP CLOSED HIGHER THAN Q2' 16 SWAP
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for 4Q’ 2015 delivery increased $0.43 per ton (1.01%) month over month to US$ 42.95 per ton. The ...
Monday, 21 September 15
CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP GAINED WEEK OVER WEEK
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for 4Q’ 2015 delivery declined just US$ 0.45 (0.90 %) per ton month over month.
A commodit ...
Monday, 21 September 15
KOMIPO OF KOREA INVITES BIDS FOR BITUMINOUS COAL
COALspot.com: South Korean state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued an new tender for 390,000 Metric Tons (MT) of minimum 4,600 kcal ...
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- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- White Energy Company Limited
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Planning Commission, India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
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