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Sunday, 26 August 12
SOUTH AFRICAN COAL OVERVIEW
South Africa's indigenous energy resource base is dominated by coal.
Internationally, coal is the most widely used primary fuel, accounting for about 36 percent of the total fuel consumption of the world's electricity production. About 77 percent of South Africa's primary energy needs are provided by coal. This is unlikely to change significantly in the next two decades owing to the relative lack of suitable alternatives to coal as an energy source. Many of the deposits can be exploited at extremely favourable costs and, as a result, a large coal-mining industry has developed.
In addition to the extensive use of coal in the domestic economy, about 28 percent of South Africa's production is exported, mainly through the Richards Bay Coal Terminal, making South Africa the fourth-largest coal exporting country in the world.
South Africa's coal is obtained from collieries that range from among the largest in the world to small-scale producers. As a result of new entrants, operating collieries increased to 64 during 2004. Of these, a relatively small number of large-scale producers supply coal primarily to electricity and synthetic fuel producers.
About 51 percent of South African coal mining is done underground and about 49 percent is produced by open-cast methods. The coal-mining industry is highly concentrated with five companies accounting for 85 percent of saleable coal production.
These companies are:
. Ingwe Collieries Limited, a BHP Billiton subsidiary;
. Anglo Coal;
. Sasol;
. Eyesizwe; and
. Kumba Resources Limited, accounting for 85 percent of the saleable coal production.
Production is concentrated in large mines, with 11 mines accounting for 70 percent of the output. South African coal for local electricity production is among the cheapest in the world. The beneficiation of coal, particularly for export, results in more than 65Mt of coal discards being produced every year.
About 21 percent of the run-of-mine coal produced is exported, and 21 percent is used locally (excluding power-station coal). The rest is not saleable and is discarded.
The remainder of South Africa's coal production feeds the various local industries:
. 62 percent is used for electricity generation;
. 23 percent for petrochemical industries (Sasol);
. 8 percent for general industry;
. 4 percent for the metallurgical industry (Mittal); and
. 4 percent is purchased by merchants and sold locally or exported.
The key role played by South Africa's coal reserves in the economy is illustrated by the fact that Eskom ranks first in the world as a steam coal user and seventh as an electricity generator. Sasol is the largest coal-to-chemicals producer.
By international standards, South Africa's coal deposits are relatively shallow with thick seams, which make them easier and, usually, cheaper to mine. At the present production rate, there should be more than 50 years of coal supply left.
Source: Department of Energy, Republic of South Africa
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Thursday, 13 September 12
PANAMAX: THE NEGATIVE TREND, POOR SENTIMENT CONTINUES - FEARNLEYS AS
Handy
Lack of cargoes and a growing list of available ships is causing rates to slip for all Atlantic trades.
The only trade keeping somewhat s ...
Thursday, 13 September 12
FUEL EFFICIENT SHIPS MAY BE MORE EXPENSIVE, BUT THEY MAKE FINANCIAL SENSE SAYS ANALYSIS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
The latest trend in shipbuilding is the so called "Eco" ship, i.e. ships which offer much better fuel consumption and are more cost-effect ...
Wednesday, 12 September 12
INDIAS COALGATE: TIME FOR A ROOT CANAL
A recent report from India’s Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) pertaining to the allocation of coal blocks has created a political storm i ...
Tuesday, 11 September 12
CLOUDY AND POLICY RISK INDONESIAN COAL INDUSTRY
COALspot.com - Bahana Securities in its latest coal outlook, commented on the Indonesian coal market, with economic slowdown in the four largest coa ...
Tuesday, 11 September 12
SHIP OWNERS KEEN ON SECOND HAND VESSEL PURCHASES - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
With most ship owners back from their summer rest, things are starting to pick up again in the second hand vessel market, with more and more deals b ...
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- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- The University of Queensland
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Planning Commission, India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Minerals Council of Australia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- White Energy Company Limited
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
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