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Sunday, 26 August 12
SOUTH AFRICAN COAL OVERVIEW
South Africa's indigenous energy resource base is dominated by coal.
Internationally, coal is the most widely used primary fuel, accounting for about 36 percent of the total fuel consumption of the world's electricity production. About 77 percent of South Africa's primary energy needs are provided by coal. This is unlikely to change significantly in the next two decades owing to the relative lack of suitable alternatives to coal as an energy source. Many of the deposits can be exploited at extremely favourable costs and, as a result, a large coal-mining industry has developed.
In addition to the extensive use of coal in the domestic economy, about 28 percent of South Africa's production is exported, mainly through the Richards Bay Coal Terminal, making South Africa the fourth-largest coal exporting country in the world.
South Africa's coal is obtained from collieries that range from among the largest in the world to small-scale producers. As a result of new entrants, operating collieries increased to 64 during 2004. Of these, a relatively small number of large-scale producers supply coal primarily to electricity and synthetic fuel producers.
About 51 percent of South African coal mining is done underground and about 49 percent is produced by open-cast methods. The coal-mining industry is highly concentrated with five companies accounting for 85 percent of saleable coal production.
These companies are:
. Ingwe Collieries Limited, a BHP Billiton subsidiary;
. Anglo Coal;
. Sasol;
. Eyesizwe; and
. Kumba Resources Limited, accounting for 85 percent of the saleable coal production.
Production is concentrated in large mines, with 11 mines accounting for 70 percent of the output. South African coal for local electricity production is among the cheapest in the world. The beneficiation of coal, particularly for export, results in more than 65Mt of coal discards being produced every year.
About 21 percent of the run-of-mine coal produced is exported, and 21 percent is used locally (excluding power-station coal). The rest is not saleable and is discarded.
The remainder of South Africa's coal production feeds the various local industries:
. 62 percent is used for electricity generation;
. 23 percent for petrochemical industries (Sasol);
. 8 percent for general industry;
. 4 percent for the metallurgical industry (Mittal); and
. 4 percent is purchased by merchants and sold locally or exported.
The key role played by South Africa's coal reserves in the economy is illustrated by the fact that Eskom ranks first in the world as a steam coal user and seventh as an electricity generator. Sasol is the largest coal-to-chemicals producer.
By international standards, South Africa's coal deposits are relatively shallow with thick seams, which make them easier and, usually, cheaper to mine. At the present production rate, there should be more than 50 years of coal supply left.
Source: Department of Energy, Republic of South Africa
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Thursday, 13 September 12
PANAMAX: THE NEGATIVE TREND, POOR SENTIMENT CONTINUES - FEARNLEYS AS
Handy
Lack of cargoes and a growing list of available ships is causing rates to slip for all Atlantic trades.
The only trade keeping somewhat s ...
Thursday, 13 September 12
FUEL EFFICIENT SHIPS MAY BE MORE EXPENSIVE, BUT THEY MAKE FINANCIAL SENSE SAYS ANALYSIS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
The latest trend in shipbuilding is the so called "Eco" ship, i.e. ships which offer much better fuel consumption and are more cost-effect ...
Wednesday, 12 September 12
INDIAS COALGATE: TIME FOR A ROOT CANAL
A recent report from India’s Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) pertaining to the allocation of coal blocks has created a political storm i ...
Tuesday, 11 September 12
CLOUDY AND POLICY RISK INDONESIAN COAL INDUSTRY
COALspot.com - Bahana Securities in its latest coal outlook, commented on the Indonesian coal market, with economic slowdown in the four largest coa ...
Tuesday, 11 September 12
SHIP OWNERS KEEN ON SECOND HAND VESSEL PURCHASES - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
With most ship owners back from their summer rest, things are starting to pick up again in the second hand vessel market, with more and more deals b ...
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- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Australian Coal Association
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
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