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Thursday, 05 April 12
COAL EXPORT TAX: MATTER OF CONCERN FOR INDIA - SUNIL K KUMBHAT


COALspot.com - Since the issuance of Indonesian  Mining law in 2009, miners have  increased  their activities in  exploring , exploiting and exporting all types of minerals,specially Black Gold –Coal.

In order to regulate the mining sector , the Goverment of Indonesia has announced a series of new mining regulations, including a ban on exports of some unprocessed metals and low-grade Coal from 2014 , which is designed to spur investment in mineral processing .The proposed ban on exports of coal under the 5,700-kcal/kg from Jan 2014 will change the dynamics of the global thermal coal market, which has seen spiralling demand from China and India. Such a ban will have a substantial impact on the thermal coal market, as large amounts of low-quality coal from Indonesia are exported to India and China.

Another Goverment regulation known as GR 24 of 2012 ( Amendment of GR 23 of 2010 ), signed by  President of Indonesia on  Feb. 21,2012 stipulates that foreign shareholders/ Companies  must gradually divest 51 percent of their shares in local mining companies to local investors after the fifth year of commercial production and complete the divestment by the 10th year of production.  The divestment regulation resulted from a revision to a earlier  GR 23 of  2010  that required foreign shareholders in local mineral and coal mining companies to divest 20 percent of their holdings.

In a latest move The Goverment of  Indonesia now plans to impose a  tax  of 25% on export of  coal and base metals during the current  year, and increase it to 50% in 2013. The step is to boost investment in the downstream industry of metal and mining sectors. It is also expected to restrict the exports of  mineral and ore metal shipment.The date of implementing the regulation and calculating the Export tax is yet to announced.

Indonesian  Government is capitalizing on the mining boom driven by high demand of thermal Coal from China and India . Inspite of series of Taxes  , the proposed Export tax  is  designed to restrict the production and also share profit  on the minerals being mined. Coal   prices are increasing  due to huge requirement and inadequate global production capacity. Govt of Indonesia is encashing the Global situation of demand and supply .Coal will remain hot commodity and Indonesia as heart of Coal Boom.

If the proposed tax  is implemented , it is definitely cause of serious concern , particularly for Indian  buyers. India is a major buyer of Indonesian thermal coal, along with are China, South Korea, Japan .This is a wake-up call for all the foreign miners operating in Indonesia specially for Coal, that gone are the days of soft and flexible regulations.It is also wake up call for country like India that slow environmental ,forestery clearances and land acquisition issues ,if not sorted out will led to stagnating coal production  in India which will resultinto increased dependence on imports, specially from Indnonesia , Australia and south Africa.

Never before India has such a high demand for coal, so also environmental consciousness been so high. Both are legitimate & serious issues but the solution is not to clamp down on coal production. India’s soaring energy need is vital for its industrial growth.

The magnitude of growth in power generation in India will necessarily mean that coal demand will remain very strong. Coal will remain life line for Indian economy for coming many decades till identifying an alternative source that can match coal in its accessibility, availability and affordability in the context of scale of capacity addition required in India.

As the situation stands today, India could become the world’s biggest thermal coal importer by 2015 and Indonesia would be one of the Countries to take care of bulk of coal requirement.

India is today one of the fastest growing economies and also has a shortage of power supply. Indonesia is one of the countries with huge natural resources and exporting thermal coal to many countries for use in power plants for generating energy but it is paradoxical that Indonesia is short of energy. Many Indian companies are capable of sharing power technology and setting up mega power plants in Indonesia

Indonesian private companies can buy equity stakes in India’s power plants in exchange for long-term coal supply. Since India is today one of the fastest growing economies and also has a shortage of power supply then such deals can be beneficial to both parties.

Indonesia requires huge investment from foreign investors in infrastructure, Power Generation, Oil & Gas exploration, telecom sector, Port and Rapid transport system. So it is essential to have transparency in all regulations, legal system and improvement in corporate Governance. Indonesia's mining industry is undergoing a regulatory overhaul which may weaken the operating health and financial performance of many domestic mining companies.

Besides increased operating uncertainty, the new regulations of recent past & proposed may also make the mining industry less attractive to foreign investors. Foreign investor is likly to seriouly question the Safety and Security of their investment in mining sector considering the regulations of the recent past. Lack of transparency in the legal process and the risk of regulatory duplication and inconsistencies will continue to act as deterrents to  substantial investment ,specially foreign direct investments (FDI).

As the situation stands today next couple of years shall be very challening for foreign companies operating in Mining sector in Indonesia.

The present proposed tax  would hit the profits of both domestic  and foreign-owned companies and would heavily raise costs for importers.

The market analysts and experts in mining sector  are  skeptical about  all the mining regulations and plans announced in recent past.
By: Sunil K Kumbhat , Jodhpur (Rajasthan) India

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