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Monday, 20 February 12
COAL BOOM AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN - SUNIL K KUMBHAT
 COALspot.com - The dawn of the 21st century has seen a shift in the world's commercial balance of power, with the dominance of the US, Europe and Japan challenged by the rapid industrialisation of hungry new economies. The rise of the so-called BRIIC nations - Brazil, Russia, India ,Indonesia and China - is giving birth to new global financial centres, vibrant industrial markets and above all surging demand for raw materials to supply new projects.
But where does environmental responsibility fit into this drive for resources?
Growing demand for thermal Coal has created a new coal boom, which is great news for Coal producing countries such as Indonesia, Australia , south Africa . The demand of coal is growing at a massive rate in Asia particularly India and China. Both the coal hungry countries are making efforts to secure supplies by acquiring Coal mines or forming Joint ventures for their new power generating plants.
The demand is fuelling the world prices of coal, although prices are still not as high as witnessed in 2008 when everything peaked before the global financial crisis but there all indications that by 2012/2013 coal prises will reach to record high.
The India and China are becoming the mainstay of the market . Both the countries are having huge Coal reserves ,but still they are importing huge qty of coal to meet there increased demand and as such they are effectively driving the world Coal market and its prices. India’s demand for coal is expected to grow at a faster rate than any other country in the world.
India's rich untapped mineral resources of more than 20 mineral types - including gold, copper, coal and bauxite but the fact that many of these resources are located in rural, heavily forested areas with predominantly tribal populations has raised concerns over the environmental impact of mining operations.
The country has a long history of environmental damage caused by both domestic and international mining companies, as well as the ecological problems from hundreds of abandoned mines in areas like Bihar's Jharia and Rhaniganj coal fields. Like China, India has been plagued by the environmental problems associated with illegal and unlicensed mining operations, which the country's Directorate General of Mines Safety has been ill-equipped to deal with due to funding deficiencies.
Similarly China has come under fire from human rights activists and environmental groups alike for its arguably lax approach to both worker safety (the country has become the mining disaster capital of the world in recent years) and environmental accountability. The Chinese Government's approach to corporate and environmental responsibility has been characterised by outside observers as simply paying lip service to the environment - hinting that ISO guidelines for mining would be welcomed - without implementing practical measures to promote change.
The environmental impact of mining operations in Brazil is also under sharper scrutiny than many other countries, primarily because its borders contain the lion's share of the Amazon rainforest, a haven for biodiversity and one of the most important eco-systems in the world.
As such, environmental awareness is particularly strong in the Brazilian mining industry. Experts from the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards are playing a leadership role in the further development of the recently introduced ISO 26000 international standard on social responsibility. Furthermore, licensing for new mining projects is often legally conditional on the drafting of comprehensive environmental impact studies, reports and extensive public consultations, particularly in areas inhabited by tribal groups.
Although carrying out mining operations in a region like the Amazon will be controversial, the environmental commitment seen here and echoed by many other Brazilian mining companies (including industry giant Vale, which has a complex environmental quality management system based on ISO 14001 standards) provides a useful model of awareness for other BRIC nations, and the global mining industry in general, to follow.
India is emerging as a fast economy, targeting 9-10% annual growth. Realizing the underlying growth potential will largely depend on it's ability to meet energy requirements. Energy sector whose growth targets inter alia depend on coal. At a 9% growth rate, the capacity requirement will be 960Gw and energy requirement will be 4,806 billion kWh. In the light of these projections, coal demand is estimated to rise many fold. Main concentration of Indian companies remains in Indonesia as many new mines are opened for exploration , exploitation and production .Today Indonesia is one of the most rapidly developing coal producing country in the world.
For a strong economy, one needs strong infrastructure and power plants. For strong infrastructure and power plants , one needs steel. Steel is the backbone of an economy, and it is metallurgical coal and thermal coal that is used to produce steel and electricity.
An increase in Coal production is the opposite of what the global climate change forums have wanted to see because coal without any doubt is one of the dirtiest and filthiest fossil fuel in terms of CO2 and when it comes to harmful emissions that most environmentalists and energy economists agree causes global warming.
Coal consumption is going in a direction that policy makers would prefer it not to go.
Critical question is whether there is a willingness amongst coal producers and power generating plants to make their technology cleaner, so it emits less greenhouse gases(GHG) which leads to global warming .Energy scientists have long been voicing concern on the rise in the level of Greenhouse gases, which leads to Global warming and climatic changes that are detrimental to economies worldwide.
The disastrous consequences for global climate change is one topic that has now taken very serious dimension but hardly been realised in a serious enough way by the nations across the world.
The new thermal plants being built are certainly more efficient than older ones. There exist technology to have emission-free power plants - the only constraint is the cost. The cost of clean coal technology is very high, yet when we look at the alternatives to coal, they are even higher than that - for example, nuclear, solar, wind. The real costs of all these alternatives are still to be determined, but there is no doubt that clean coal technologies can double the cost of coal in generating energy.
None of the alternatives appears to be commercially viable right now for required generation of energy without considering subsidies and tax incentives . If any country accepts sustainable growth and development as the way forward, it subsumes the climate change issues.
At the same time, no country can ignore the inherent contradiction in the expression ‘sustainable growth’.
Growth essentially involves exploiting natural resources for human benefit and countries have to strike a delicate balance between environmental sustainability and economic growth. It is easier said than done.
As the climate issue impinges on everyone, wisdom demands that nations sink their petty differences in approach and strategy to stem the danger from spreading further and squeezing the survival prospects of one and all.
Principally, the efforts boil down to reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, caused primarily by accelerated economic development through exploitation of fossil fuels rich in carbon dioxide.
Every action does not need to be official or based on protocols. In any case, every country need to adopt new methods and ways of doing things in optimising the use of exhaustible resources, energy and water. Corporations / Institutions must carry out energy analysis and incorporate environmental accounting practices to reduce green house gas emission levels at their facilities. The government, in turn, could enforce a form of taxation based on companies’ contribution to climate change.
Climate change is today's biggest problem, threatening mankind with extinction. The problem, largely of man's own doing, must be treated as an emergency by all.
The president of Indonesia issued a Presidential decree instructing all central and regional authorities to support the moratorium by suspending the granting of permits for the use of “primary natural forests” for two years. This Presidential decree is part of Indonesia’s efforts to comply with the bilateral agreement between Indonesia and Norway on forest conservation.
Various governments worldwide are beginning to put regulations in place and to encourage development of more sustainable sources of power generation in order to protect populations worldwide from the immediate detrimental effects on life and health, and to protect the environment for future generation.
By : Sunil K Kumbhat , Jodhpur( Rajasthan ) India
Views expressed herein are personal views of the author and not that of COALspot.com.
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Wednesday, 11 April 12
TWO PERCENT OF IBP CONCESSION CONTAINS 42 MMT OF COAL
COALspot.com - 42.35 million ton of coal found in just 2% of PT Insani Bara Perkasa’s total concession area of 24,477 hectare.
Accord ...
Wednesday, 11 April 12
DRY BULK MARKET STILL SUBDUED, RECOVERY NOT YET SEEN - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
The dry bulk market entered the new week after the past days of easter holidays in western countries in a subdued mood. The industry’s benchma ...
Monday, 09 April 12
WEEKLY DRY MARKET OVERVIEW - MARIA BERTZELETOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
The first week of April ended with the Baltic Dry Index falling below 950 points, before Catholic Easter, and capesizes showing a modest upturn with ...
Sunday, 08 April 12
CHARTER RATES COULD CONTINUE TO BE SOFT NEXT WEEK - VISTAAR
COALspot.com - The BDI was almost at same levels closing slightly lower by 0.64 pct at 928 points.
The Cape index was up by 6.73 pct closing at ...
Friday, 06 April 12
INDONESIAN HBA FALL TO LOWEST LEVEL SINCE JANUARY 2011
COALspot.com - Indonesian HBA fall to lowest level since January 2011 this month. The monthly coal reference price for coal sales in April fal ...
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- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- PTC India Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
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