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Friday, 07 October 11
MINING REGULATIONS , OBSTACLES AND GROWTH : INDIA VS INDONESIA - SUNIL K KUMBHAT
 COALspot.com - The Govt of India has passed long pending Mines & Minerals (Regulation and Development) Bill, 2011, which seeks to replace 1957 act governing mining sector .The bill is now subject to final approval by Indian Parliament.
Indian New Mining Bill
This landmark draft bill that allows local people to get the financial benefits of mining activities. Bill smoothens land acquisitions through higher compensation to people displaced and simplifies relief and rehabilitation issues.
Inadequate compensation and the fear of loss of livelihood have often lead to violent protests by people displaced by mining and related industries, blocking acquisitions of land for several upcoming Mega projects.
The bill, requires coal mining companies to pay 26 per cent of their Profit after Tax to “district mineral foundations” (DMFs), to the district administrations. Funds collected by district collectors will be spent on development projects for the locals, mainly tribal communities residing in the mining areas. In the case of non-coal miners 100 % payment equivalent to royalty required to be paid to state government to affected persons.
If the bill is enacted (which is a big question mark), an estimated amount of US$ 2.04 billion (approx) will be generated per year from miners and an average amount of US$ 36.75 to $ 40.84 Million will be distributed among District Mining Foundations of 60 mineral rich districts. Undoubtedly, it’s a landmark move, to provide justice to scores of tribals who have lost and continue to lose, their land and livelihood across the country due to mining activities.
It is expected that this bill be strong enough to crush the biggest devil of all - the ill-legal mining.
The Bill addresses the burning issue of illegal mining, as it provides for setting up a regulatory authority (National Mining Regulatory Development Authority) to govern the sector. It will have powers to investigate and prosecute the offenders. The authority would also be empowered to look into the cases of organised illegal mining.
This move may not attract private investment in the mining sector, which is badly needed. The mining activity will come down so also production, which Indian economy cannot afford.
The move is all set to push down profits of major mining and power companies, mainly Coal Indian Ltd. Coal India, which will be hit the most as it will have to share 26% of its profit, which means lesser funds available for further mine development for growth, higher production, and distribution of dividends.
Coal India will be left with no Choice but to pass the burden to its customers.
Environmental Consciousness
The environmental impact of mining operations in India is under sharp scrutiny than many other countries. Environmental consciousness is increasing in India.
If environmental issues & challenges are left unmitigated, it will inevitably affect the poorest, rendering trade unsustainable. The moot point is how to ensure the benefits of trade percolate down to the bottom. There is a worldwide increase in globalised economic activity, huge environmental degradation and widening income inequality. So achieving sustainable development will critically depend on proactive resolution of the issues at domestic and international levels.
Never before India has such a high demand for coal, so also environmental consciousness been so high. Both are legitimate & serious issues But the solution is not to clamp down on coal production. India’s soaring energy need is vital for its industrial growth.
India's increasing energy needs are being hampered by regulatory delays for coal mining projects. Sometime back Govt of India (Environment and Forests Ministry) announced many Coal fields as “NO –GO” zones, which is seriously effecting Coal mining projects and Coal production.
In last 4-5 few years there is huge demand of thermal Coal and considering the planned Capacity building in Energy sector there would be hue and cry for Coal demand unless there is substantial increase of Coal Production in India.
Although India is considered as fifth-largest coal reserves in the world much of it is under protected forests and so mining projects face fierce environmental scrutiny.
There is so much hue and cries over the forest conservation. Coal is nature's gift & treasure and coal mines can’t be shifted to another area due to regulatory issues. There is a urgent need to re-examine the regulations and policies associated with exploration and production. Various government regulations concerning forestry and environmental restrictions are hindering mine development. Unless such bottlenecks are addressed, growth in domestic coal production will not match the higher demand.
Independent Regulator
The long term growth of the coal sector in India requires a confident and renewed mindset in developing coal resources through decontrol of the Coal sector, establishment of an independent regulator.
The time has come for Govt of India to establish technically-competent and independent regulators for coal, iron ore and other minerals. The regulators should draw up the necessary regulations and enforcing them strictly, de-politicise the sector and minimise violations of environmental laws and the rights of Local peoples.
Government thru its regulator should ensure that its policy framework attracts large, organised, technologically well-equipped and socially - and environmentally-conscious mining companies which are more susceptible to public pressure and less prone to corrupt and illegal business operating practices. Such companies could effectively develop those mineral reserves which lie either under forest cover or lands populated by local peoples without causing environmental or social damage.
The regulator will have the responsibility of allocating coal mines, price fixation and revision; and performance standards-setting and enforcement, pricing of coal washing, washed coal and by-products generated during the process among other things.
The magnitude of growth in power generation in India will necessarily mean that coal demand will remain very strong. Coal will remain life line for Indian economy for coming many decades till identifying an alternative source that can match coal in its accessibility, availability and affordability in the context of scale of capacity addition required in India .
Ban on Export of Unprocessed Coal from Indonesia
Recently Govt of Indonesia announced its plan to ban the export of unprocessed and unrefined Coal / Mining products from January 2014.
In its current form, the Draft Value Added Regulation envisages that, starting from January 2014, it will no longer be possible to export Coal from Indonesia having calorific value of 5700 kcal/kg GAD or below.
The proposed ban on exports of coal under the 5,700-kcal/kg will change the dynamics of the global thermal coal market, which has seen spiraling demand from China and India. Such a ban will have a substantial impact on the thermal coal market, as large amounts of low-quality coal from Indonesia are exported to India and China.
Coal quality of 4500 and 5,700 kcal/kg, constitutes a significant portion of exports out of Indonesia and, considering the country accounts for about 30 per cent of the global thermal coal supply, an export ban could reduce worldwide supplies by at least 10-15 per cent.
India is already one of the largest buyers of coal from Indonesia, and continue to maintain this position considering the growth in domestic demand and stagnating production of major miners such as Coal India Ltd. There will be an overall impact on the Indian power sector, as currently about 60 per cent of the total thermal coal imports are coming from Indonesia.
The Draft Regulation raises many challenging issues including, most importantly, how appropriate and realistic is a tough domestic processing and refining obligation in a country like Indonesia. The 5700 kcal/kg GAD minimum upgrading requirement only makes sense if, by 2014, coal upgrading will be a proven technology, widely available to all Indonesian producers of low grade coal.
In the absence of widespread coal upgrading cost effective technology, this could prevent the export from Indonesia of up to 150-175 million metric tons of low grade coal and Govt’s true policy objectives behind the proposed Draft Value Added Regulation requires detailed & critical analysis.
Role of Indonesia
As the situation stands today, India could become the world’s biggest thermal coal importer by 2015 and Indonesia would be one of the Countries to take care of bulk of coal requirement.
India is today one of the fastest growing economies and also has a shortage of power supply. Indonesia is one of the peaceful countries with huge natural resources and exporting coal to many countries for use in power plants for generating energy but it is paradoxical that Indonesia is short of energy. Many Indian companies are capable of sharing power technology and setting up mega power plants in Indonesia
Indonesian private companies can buy equity stakes in India’s power plants in exchange for long-term coal supply. Since India is today one of the fastest growing economies and also has a shortage of power supply then such deals can be beneficial to both parties
Indonesia requires huge investment from foreign investors in infrastructure, Power Generation, Oil & Gas exploration, telecom sector, Port and Rapid transport system. So it is essential to have transparency in all regulations, Legal system and improvement in corporate Governance.
Indonesia's mining industry is undergoing a regulatory overhaul which may weaken the operating health and financial performance of many domestic mining companies.
Besides increased operating uncertainty the new regulations of recent past & proposed may also make the mining industry less attractive to foreign investors. lack of transparency in the legal process and the risk of regulatory duplication and inconsistencies will continue to act as deterrents to substantial investment ,specially foreign direct investments (FDI).
While developed economies struggle with global financial crisis and slowdown of demand, Indonesia (together China and India) could be the consumer market for the future. Similar to China and India, urbanisation is an important driver of Indonesia’s growth. Indonesia is ready to rise in the world economic hierarchy and take its place alongside China and India. Indonesia is now perceived as one of new Asian Tigers , even altering the term of BRIC into BRIIC ( Brazil , Russia , Indonesia , India and China)
Whether BRIC will become BRIIC is yet to be seen. Indonesia is the third fastest growing economy in Asia, behind India and China. It has passed through the economic crisis with firmness unmatched elsewhere in the region and indeed in the world. (cs)
Views expressed herein are personal views of the author and not that of COALspot.com.
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Thursday, 06 October 11
SOUTH EAST ASIAS AGGRESSIVE POWER DEMAND GROWTH WILL REQUIRE INVESTMENT OF US$125 BN BY 2020 - WOOD MACKENZIE
COALspot.com - Wood Mackenzie says that South East Asia’s demand growth for new power generation is so aggressive that new power generation in ...
Thursday, 06 October 11
CHINESE DEMAND FOR COAL IMPORTS TO MODERATE IN 2012 - MISWIN MAHESH
COALspot.com - We expect Chinese demand growth for imported steam coal to moderate over the next year. Steam coal imports into China will modera ...
Wednesday, 05 October 11
MINISTRY STICKING TO RAW COMMODITY EXPORT BAN DESPITE INDUSTRY FEARS - JG
The Jakarta Globe, the one of the leading English news paper in Indonesia, reported that, the details of a controversial new regulation that would b ...
Wednesday, 05 October 11
ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC BASINS BECAME TIGHTER FOR PANAMAX LAST WEEK - BRS
A slump for both the Capes and Panamaxes sent the BDI down 1% this week, falling to 1,899 points.
The Capes saw the greatest movement, sliding - ...
Wednesday, 05 October 11
WITH CHINA ON HOLIDAY, DRY BULK MARKET REMAINS STAGNANT - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
The dry bulk market has remained to healthy levels after last month’s rally, but with China going on holiday this week, things are looking sta ...
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- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- The University of Queensland
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- VISA Power Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Australian Coal Association
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
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