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Tuesday, 06 September 11
INDONESIAS PROPOSED COAL EXPORT BAN MAY HAVE IMPACT ON THE INDIAN POWER SECTOR - DIPESH DIPU
.jpg) COALspot.com - This is a special interview about Indonesian proposed coal export ban by 2014, with Mr. Dipesh Dipu, Director of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, India.
The Indonesian government is currently in the process of drafting a new regulation that could ban the export of low-grade coal by January 12, 2014. This is likely to apply to coal below 5700 kcal/kg on air dried basis in value.
As of now Indonesia is producing around 150 million tons of coal with calorific value below 5700 GAD (according to chairman of Indonesian coal mining association). However by 2014, there are possibilities the total production of below 5700 GAD coal may reach more than 200 million per annum.
Will Indonesian coal export ban impact on the Indian fuel requirements?
The earlier grade of coal that was being considered for proposed ban has GCV of 5100 kcal/kg of less (adb), which can be comparable to 3800-4200 kcal/kg (arb) domestic coal available in India. This grade of coal has found favor in India primarily due to likely price advantage but economics of power generation based on such grade of imported coal may be a suspect. This considering that such grades of coal from Indonesia typically have high moisture content, which makes transportation cost per unit of energy generated higher. The quantum of the low grade of coal (<5100 kcal/kg adb) procured from Indonesia is likely to remain relatively low.
However, if the new definition of low grade coal is applied (<5700 kcal/kg adb), it may be reasonable to believe that such a ban may have impact on the Indian power sector as volumes in this grade of coal are expected to rise in the proportion of coal exports to India. Several of the acquisitions made by Indian power generation companies in Indonesia have been in coal blocks that will produce coal of this grade, and a blanket ban on the exports can jeopardize power plant development in India.
On the other hand, the domestic Indonesian market may not be prepared to consume all the coal mined of this grade in view of the power generation capacity addition plans in Indonesia. In such a case, the coal mine development is likely to be deferred. The Indonesian law makers may need to reconsider domestic market demand, investment climate in coal sector and impact of the legislation on the export revenues.
What is the alternative source for Indian power industry if the proposed coal export ban come into effect by 2014?
Indian power generation companies have been forced to look out for coal assets abroad due to the investment and regulatory environment within the country. India boasts of more than 110 billion tonnes of coal reserves, which largely fall within a 300 meters of depth. If the regulatory and investment environment is amended to allow greater participation of private sector Indian dependence on imports will be reduced.
However, for imports, India will continue to look at Indonesia, South Africa, Australia and newer destinations like Mozambique and Columbia. But these sources also have constraints, domestic demands in South Africa is likely to restrict quantum jump in exports out of South Africa. Indonesia has also proposed domestic market obligations. Mozambique may have infrastructure constraints for large volumes of coal being transported from Tete province to ports of Maputo, Ncala or Beira. Australian coal is of high quality but may have higher costs of mining and transport.
What would be the additional cost if Indian consumers switch their sourcing origin from Indonesia?
Indonesia has competitive advantage due to its geographical closeness. However, on a per tonne basis, assuming comparable quality, costs of transport may make marginal difference when compared with South Africa and Mozambique.
When compared to Australian coal, due to the high quality, cost of energy may well be comparable even though shipping costs are higher. Between Indonesian coal (5500 kcal/kg adb priced at USD 90 per tonne) and Australian coal (6500 kcal/kg adb priced at USD 120 per tonne), indicative variable cost difference of power generation may be about Indian Rupees 0.20 to 0.30 per kWh (electricity unit) in favor of Indonesian coal.
Will it affect Indian economy growth or this coal export ban is ignorable as India can easily identify alternative sources of fuel?
The magnitude of growth in power generation in India will necessarily mean that coal will remain the mainstay. Natural gas has had issues of availability. Nuclear plant development is facing socio-political challenge in view of the risks of technology failure. Development of hydel power has also faced issues of land acquisition, rehabilitation & resettlement apart from the technical issues of hydro-geological features. Renewable sources such as solar and wind generation are still projected to constitute a small portion of India power generation mix. Identifying an alternative source that can match coal in its accessibility, availability and affordability in the context of scale of capacity addition required in India is a challenge.
What is the Indian government's role on this issue, whether government has to come out with the solution such as easing Indian mining and environment law, open up mining for foreigners, G2G arrangement, etc…?
There is a need to look at domestic sources with pro-active and constructive approach and make all necessary legal and statutory amendments that make the resources available and mineable. Easing the regulations may not be one of such measures but making those regulations work in sync with each other in a time bound and predictable manner must certainly be.
There is certainly a case for opening the domestic coal sector for private participation, including independent miners, and for foreign participation so that newer technology and enhanced scale of operations are implemented in India. The regulation also needs to permit risk capital to come in for prospecting and exploration.
For imports the G2G relations can be leveraged to secure coal assets. India has good relationship with Indonesia and has also signed a tax treaty with Mozambique in 2010 which will facilitate investments. Government may also engage with these countries to ease exports to India and extend fiscal support to coal mining companies investing in mining and associated infrastructure development.
About Dipesh Dipu
Dipesh Dipu works as Director with Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India Pvt. Ltd in the Energy and Resources consulting practice of the firm and anchors the Firm’s initiative in the mining and metals sectors.
He is a mining engineering graduate from Indian School of Mines and is a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA). He has also done executive program in business management from Indian Institute of Management Calcutta. Dipesh has recently been awarded the Abheraj Baldota Gold Medal for the Young Mining Engineer of the Year 2007 by the Mining Engineers’ Association of India in recognition of his contributions in the improvement of mining industry in India.
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Sunday, 06 December 15
DRY BULK MARKET ON REVERSE MODE, SET TO BREAK NEW ALL-TIME LOWS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market has been the negative “star” of the shipping industry for quite some time. In fact if it wasn’t for the boomi ...
Sunday, 06 December 15
DESPITE TEMPTING NEWBUILDING PRICES, CONTRACTING IN DRY BULK REMAINS LOW - BIMCO
The current newbuilding prices for dry bulk ships has dropped so much that they just passed the lows of 2012 heading downwards and are now at the l ...
Friday, 04 December 15
FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAPS ARE ALMOST FLAT OVER WEAK DEMAND
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for delivery Q1 2016 declined month on month and rose slightly week over week. Coal prices seen very margi ...
Friday, 04 December 15
COAL PRODUCTION IN THE U.S. FOR W/E NOVEMBER 28TH FELL SLIGHTLY FROM THE PREVIOUS WEEK
COALspot.com – United States the world’s second largest coal producer has produced approximately totaled an estimated 15.0 million shor ...
Friday, 04 December 15
MINING OUTLOOK WEAKENS FURTHER ON FALLING CHINESE DEMAND - FITCH
COALspot.com: Fitch Ratings' outlook for the global mining sector in 2016 is firmly negative, reflecting our view that Chinese demand will cont ...
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- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
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- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
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- The University of Queensland
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- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
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- White Energy Company Limited
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- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
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- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
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- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- PTC India Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
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- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
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- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
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- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
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- Wilmar Investment Holdings
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- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
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- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
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- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
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- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
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- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
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- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
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- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
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- London Commodity Brokers - England
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
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- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Minerals Council of Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
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- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
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- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
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- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
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- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
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- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
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- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
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- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
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- Petron Corporation, Philippines
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- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
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