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Tuesday, 06 September 11
INDONESIAS PROPOSED COAL EXPORT BAN MAY HAVE IMPACT ON THE INDIAN POWER SECTOR - DIPESH DIPU
.jpg) COALspot.com - This is a special interview about Indonesian proposed coal export ban by 2014, with Mr. Dipesh Dipu, Director of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, India.
The Indonesian government is currently in the process of drafting a new regulation that could ban the export of low-grade coal by January 12, 2014. This is likely to apply to coal below 5700 kcal/kg on air dried basis in value.
As of now Indonesia is producing around 150 million tons of coal with calorific value below 5700 GAD (according to chairman of Indonesian coal mining association). However by 2014, there are possibilities the total production of below 5700 GAD coal may reach more than 200 million per annum.
Will Indonesian coal export ban impact on the Indian fuel requirements?
The earlier grade of coal that was being considered for proposed ban has GCV of 5100 kcal/kg of less (adb), which can be comparable to 3800-4200 kcal/kg (arb) domestic coal available in India. This grade of coal has found favor in India primarily due to likely price advantage but economics of power generation based on such grade of imported coal may be a suspect. This considering that such grades of coal from Indonesia typically have high moisture content, which makes transportation cost per unit of energy generated higher. The quantum of the low grade of coal (<5100 kcal/kg adb) procured from Indonesia is likely to remain relatively low.
However, if the new definition of low grade coal is applied (<5700 kcal/kg adb), it may be reasonable to believe that such a ban may have impact on the Indian power sector as volumes in this grade of coal are expected to rise in the proportion of coal exports to India. Several of the acquisitions made by Indian power generation companies in Indonesia have been in coal blocks that will produce coal of this grade, and a blanket ban on the exports can jeopardize power plant development in India.
On the other hand, the domestic Indonesian market may not be prepared to consume all the coal mined of this grade in view of the power generation capacity addition plans in Indonesia. In such a case, the coal mine development is likely to be deferred. The Indonesian law makers may need to reconsider domestic market demand, investment climate in coal sector and impact of the legislation on the export revenues.
What is the alternative source for Indian power industry if the proposed coal export ban come into effect by 2014?
Indian power generation companies have been forced to look out for coal assets abroad due to the investment and regulatory environment within the country. India boasts of more than 110 billion tonnes of coal reserves, which largely fall within a 300 meters of depth. If the regulatory and investment environment is amended to allow greater participation of private sector Indian dependence on imports will be reduced.
However, for imports, India will continue to look at Indonesia, South Africa, Australia and newer destinations like Mozambique and Columbia. But these sources also have constraints, domestic demands in South Africa is likely to restrict quantum jump in exports out of South Africa. Indonesia has also proposed domestic market obligations. Mozambique may have infrastructure constraints for large volumes of coal being transported from Tete province to ports of Maputo, Ncala or Beira. Australian coal is of high quality but may have higher costs of mining and transport.
What would be the additional cost if Indian consumers switch their sourcing origin from Indonesia?
Indonesia has competitive advantage due to its geographical closeness. However, on a per tonne basis, assuming comparable quality, costs of transport may make marginal difference when compared with South Africa and Mozambique.
When compared to Australian coal, due to the high quality, cost of energy may well be comparable even though shipping costs are higher. Between Indonesian coal (5500 kcal/kg adb priced at USD 90 per tonne) and Australian coal (6500 kcal/kg adb priced at USD 120 per tonne), indicative variable cost difference of power generation may be about Indian Rupees 0.20 to 0.30 per kWh (electricity unit) in favor of Indonesian coal.
Will it affect Indian economy growth or this coal export ban is ignorable as India can easily identify alternative sources of fuel?
The magnitude of growth in power generation in India will necessarily mean that coal will remain the mainstay. Natural gas has had issues of availability. Nuclear plant development is facing socio-political challenge in view of the risks of technology failure. Development of hydel power has also faced issues of land acquisition, rehabilitation & resettlement apart from the technical issues of hydro-geological features. Renewable sources such as solar and wind generation are still projected to constitute a small portion of India power generation mix. Identifying an alternative source that can match coal in its accessibility, availability and affordability in the context of scale of capacity addition required in India is a challenge.
What is the Indian government's role on this issue, whether government has to come out with the solution such as easing Indian mining and environment law, open up mining for foreigners, G2G arrangement, etc…?
There is a need to look at domestic sources with pro-active and constructive approach and make all necessary legal and statutory amendments that make the resources available and mineable. Easing the regulations may not be one of such measures but making those regulations work in sync with each other in a time bound and predictable manner must certainly be.
There is certainly a case for opening the domestic coal sector for private participation, including independent miners, and for foreign participation so that newer technology and enhanced scale of operations are implemented in India. The regulation also needs to permit risk capital to come in for prospecting and exploration.
For imports the G2G relations can be leveraged to secure coal assets. India has good relationship with Indonesia and has also signed a tax treaty with Mozambique in 2010 which will facilitate investments. Government may also engage with these countries to ease exports to India and extend fiscal support to coal mining companies investing in mining and associated infrastructure development.
About Dipesh Dipu
Dipesh Dipu works as Director with Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu India Pvt. Ltd in the Energy and Resources consulting practice of the firm and anchors the Firm’s initiative in the mining and metals sectors.
He is a mining engineering graduate from Indian School of Mines and is a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA). He has also done executive program in business management from Indian Institute of Management Calcutta. Dipesh has recently been awarded the Abheraj Baldota Gold Medal for the Young Mining Engineer of the Year 2007 by the Mining Engineers’ Association of India in recognition of his contributions in the improvement of mining industry in India.
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Tuesday, 31 August 10
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- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
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- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
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- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
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- Independent Power Producers Association of India
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- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- The University of Queensland
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- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
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- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
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- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Parliament of New Zealand
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- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
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- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
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- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Planning Commission, India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
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