Wednesday, 07 December 22 MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
China’s coal imports from January to October were 230.1m mt, a decrease of around 10.7% y-o-y (2021 totalled 323.2m mt). The question is if t ...
Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
Arutmin Indonesia
Carbofer General Trading SA - India
Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
Mercator Lines Limited - India
MS Steel International - UAE
Tanito Harum - Indonesia
Coaltrans Conferences
Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
Mitsui
Marubeni Corporation - India
Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
UOB Asia (HK) Ltd
Indian Energy Exchange, India
Thomson Reuters GRC
Platts
Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
Tamil Nadu electricity Board
World Coal - UK
The University of Queensland
Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
Sical Logistics Limited - India
Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
Parliament of New Zealand
KPMG - USA
Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
Xindia Steels Limited - India
Vitol - Bahrain
Clarksons - UK
Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
Infraline Energy - India
Shenhua Group - China
Electricity Authority, New Zealand
Indonesian Coal Mining Association
Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
JPMorgan - India
London Commodity Brokers - England
Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
bp singapore
Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
SRK Consulting
Total Coal South Africa
Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
Aditya Birla Group - India
TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
Asia Cement - Taiwan
Georgia Ports Authority, United States
Central Java Power - Indonesia
Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
Jatenergy - Australia
Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
TRAFIGURA, South Korea
Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
JPower - Japan
Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
PetroVietnam
Credit Suisse - India
KOWEPO - South Korea
Enel Italy
APGENCO India
Mjunction Services Limited - India
Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
Indogreen Group - Indonesia
Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
Mitra SK Pvt Ltd - India
Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
Pinang Coal Indonesia
ANZ Bank - Australia
Inspectorate - India
White Energy Company Limited
Coal and Oil Company - UAE
Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
GHCL Limited - India
Independent Power Producers Association of India
CCIC - Indonesia
Posco Energy - South Korea
Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
Trasteel International SA, Italy
Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
CESC Limited - India
Thai Mozambique Logistica
Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
Core Mineral Indonesia
OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
Thiess Contractors Indonesia
GMR Energy Limited - India
Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
PLN Batubara - Indonesia
Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
Goldman Sachs - Singapore
Ministry of Mines - Canada
Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
Russian Coal LLC
GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
McKinsey & Co - India
Humpuss - Indonesia
RBS Sempra - UK
IBC Asia (S) Pte Ltd
ASAPP Information Group - India
Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
Gupta Coal India Ltd
San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
Australian Coal Association
Shree Cement - India
SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
Petron Corporation, Philippines
Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
Cosco
Samsung - South Korea
McConnell Dowell - Australia
Deutsche Bank - India
SMG Consultants - Indonesia
MEC Coal - Indonesia
TGV SRAAC LIMITED, India
Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
ING Bank NV - Singapore
Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
PowerSource Philippines DevCo
Parry Sugars Refinery, India
Thailand Anthracite
Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
KEPCO - South Korea
India Bulls Power Limited - India
Petrosea - Indonesia
Merrill Lynch Bank
CoalTek, United States
Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
EMO - The Netherlands
World Bank
NALCO India
AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
Inco-Indonesia
Indian Oil Corporation Limited
Bhatia International Limited - India
Planning Commission, India
GNFC Limited - India
Tata Power - India
Permata Bank - Indonesia
Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
GB Group - China
Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
Videocon Industries ltd - India
Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
HSBC - Hong Kong
Indorama - Singapore
Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
Latin American Coal - Colombia
Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
EIA - United States
Asian Development Bank
Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
Coal Orbis AG
Maruti Cements - India
SMC Global Power, Philippines
CNBM International Corporation - China
Romanian Commodities Exchange
European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
Mechel - Russia
Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
Energy Development Corp, Philippines
Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
Edison Trading Spa - Italy
Eastern Coal Council - USA
TNPL - India
New Zealand Coal & Carbon
Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
Sojitz Corporation - Japan
LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
Adani Power Ltd - India
DBS Bank - Singapore
Lafarge - France
Indonesia Power. PT
ETA - Dubai
VISA Power Limited - India
WorleyParsons
Central Electricity Authority - India
Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
Chamber of Mines of South Africa
Vedanta Resources Plc - India
Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
SUEK AG - Indonesia
OCBC - Singapore
UBS Singapore
Eastern Energy - Thailand
Xstrata Coal
Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
Britmindo - Indonesia
Commonwealth Bank - Australia
Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
Coeclerici Indonesia
Runge Indonesia
Maybank - Singapore
Malabar Cements Ltd - India
Kobe Steel Ltd - Japan
Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
Noble Europe Ltd - UK
Baramulti Group, Indonesia
Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
ACC Limited - India
Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
Dalmia Cement Bharat India
BNP Paribas - Singapore
Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
IOL Indonesia
Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
Minerals Council of Australia
Indian School of Mines
Agrawal Coal Company - India
Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
Economic Council, Georgia
NTPC Limited - India
Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
Vale Mozambique
Mitsubishi Corporation
Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
Bank of China, Malaysia
Panama Canal Authority
Argus Media - Singapore
Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
Cardiff University - UK
Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
KPCL - India
Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
Adaro Indonesia
Maersk Broker
J M Baxi & Co - India
Star Paper Mills Limited - India
ICICI Bank Limited - India
Bangladesh Power Developement Board
PLN - Indonesia
Cebu Energy, Philippines
BRS Brokers - Singapore
Cement Manufacturers Association - India
Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
Cargill India Pvt Ltd
Indika Energy - Indonesia
Wilmar Investment Holdings
Heidelberg Cement - Germany
Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
Barclays Capital - USA
Platou - Singapore
Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
Coal India Limited
Deloitte Consulting - India
Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
Peabody Energy - USA
Japan Coal Energy Center
Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
Ministry of Transport, Egypt
Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
Geoservices-GeoAssay Lab
Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
Medco Energi Mining Internasional
Siam City Cement - Thailand
Moodys - Singapore
Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
Arch Coal - USA
Idemitsu - Japan
Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
Thriveni
IMC Shipping - Singapore
Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
Ernst & Young Pvt. Ltd.
Singapore Mercantile Exchange
Renaissance Capital - South Africa
Surastha Cement
Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
The India Cements Ltd
Qatrana Cement - Jordan
Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
The Treasury - Australian Government
Cemex - Philippines
South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
Bangkok Bank PCL
Bhushan Steel Limited - India
Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
SASOL - South Africa
Anglo American - United Kingdom
Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
U S Energy Resources
Reliance Power - India
Ince & co LLP
PTC India Limited - India
Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
Glencore India Pvt. Ltd
Thermax Limited - India
Member's Feedback
COALSPOT.COM WILL BECOME A VERY SUCCESSFUL SITE
I congratulate your effort in launching a world renowned coal portal.
Looking at the scale of effort provided by your organization I can forecast that your portal will become a very successful site in the global coal market place
Mr. Haja Nazimoudeen Managing Director Solar Tech Instruments SINGAPORE
KEEP UP THE PASSION TO MOVE FORWARD
"TRULY COAL and will unmistakably be the most reliable source of information to members of COALspot.com"
The Portal's aggressive approach will certainly take it to greater heights.
Keep up the passion to move forward. Mr. Yong SF Elite Business Network Services Sdn Bhd MALAYSIA
TELL US WHAT YOU THINK
We appreciate your feedback & suggestions about our site. Your feed-back will help us to improve our services.
Management COALspot.com
RSS FEED SERVICE
It will be nice if the website could provide RSS feed service
Thanks
Mr. Riardy William SK Networks INDONESIA
COAL, LOGISTICS AND CONTACT INFORMATION
I think as a leading website on Coal , you should also start information about various mines,suppliers.
The information about type of coal available , logistics and contact information if possible. This shall definitely give an edge to your website and also help Coal professionals in decision making.
This information may be given as a consolidated one or with a daily update on the same.
Girish Varma Internationl Division(Coal) Gupta Coal India P. Limited INDIA
ACCURATE IN PREDICTION
I have been using COALspot.com since 2009,Very accurate in prediction and very informative about the trend.Good Job keep going with innovations.
Habeeb Ahamed Tradeline LLC DUBAI | UAE
GREAT FORUM FOR THE COAL INDUSTRY
This is a must-visit site for all participants in the coal industry!!
Lots of good market information and a great source of contact information for the coal industry.
K. Boison Principal Valuation and Assets Services, LLC UNITED STATES
COALSPOT.COM IS ONE STOP HUB FOR COAL
COALspot.com is no doubt the most wonderful portal covering all stories relating to Coal on day to day basis. It is a one stop hub for Coal. Well done Coalspot team. I firmly believe every individual or company related to Coal should refer Coalspot.com before any trade proceedings.
Jitendar Kumar Sri Rama Steel Coal INDIA
COALSPOT.COM IS A VERY USER FRIENDLY PORTAL
I heartiest congratulate to your efforts in world class coal information portal preferable Indonesian coal market.
I am sure that after some time it will be touch a new heights not because of its information but it is a very user friendly portal even a fresher can easily understand that what is coal,quality, prices, trend, shipments, heat value conversion etc. etc.
Devesh Sharma Dy. GM - Purchase Uttam Galva Steels Ltd. Mumbai INDIA
COALSPOT.COM IS GREAT PLATFORM
COALspot.com is great platform to know about Indonesian coal/Australian coal & south African coal along with sea freight of panamax.
Kindly keep update us on future for further price changes of coal & sea freight.
AMIIT KUMAR DAS (Executive director) Operation & commercial PROLINE SHIPPING SERVICES PVT LTD Kolkata - INDIA
QUALITY CONTENT & UPDATES
Quality content & updates keeps traders like us able to act decisively and profitably,thanks to the coal spot team and wish them success in their future endeavors!
R.Ramnath CEO Novem Coal Resources Singapore
EXCELLENT SITE
Excellent site – very easy to use and it is also has useful additional resources.
Thank you.
Rory Hynes Hatch CANADA
COALSPOT.COM INFORMATIVE AND BUSINESS FRIENDLY PORTAL
We congratulate COALspot for creating this informative and business friendly portal sharing the relevant news and content related to the booming Coal industry.
Time is the essence in commodity market and we are sure Coal spot will live up to this. We also hope that the content provided expands over time.
We eagerly await the index and price trend information.
All the Best
Mr. Mahesh Parameswaran DBS, SINGAPORE
A FORUM PAGE
Congratulation to COALspot.com and hope you can add a forum page so every member can discuss more about coal industry.
Believe that you will become more useful and giving a good impact for everyone !!
Kind regards,
Anthony Panusunan P. (Manager - Trading) PT. Ashapura Resources Indonesia INDONESIA
BRAVO COALSPOT.COM !!!
We are grateful to the site, which has provided a lot of information about the Coal Business. Nothing is more favorable when the people can get the updated information is free and easy.
Hopefully, this site provides information that remains faithful
Bravo COALspot.com!!!
Hengkok Sihole PT. Fajar Bumi Sakti INDONESIA
COALSPOT.COM IS VERY USEFUL
Wish you every sucess in making COALspot.com the most sought after / view portal in coal industry
Sankar Narayanan V.B. GAC Shipping India Pvt. Ltd. INDIA
COALSPOT.COM IS VERY IMPORTANT WEB PORTAL
COALspot.com is very important webportal for the trader, shipper and end user, as this gives a good idea about the current and future trends of the coal market.
I wish COALsopt.com to achieve and touch a greater heights.
Congrats and All the very best to the COALspot.com team members.
Gaurav Mittal Manager - Business Development Gupta Coal (India) Ltd. INDIA
COALSPOT.COM IS THE RIGHT WEBSITE FOR COAL PRICE AND FREIGHT TRENDS
The largest single coal producing company of the world appreciates the intitaive of COALspot.com.
It is just the right website which one can look out for coal price and freight trends.
We hope this will truly come up to our expectation and provide a single window for all related information in the coal trade CIL Marketing Team Coal India Limited, INDIA
COALSPOT.COM IN IOS AND ANDROID
I found your COALspot.com very informative and helpful. Hopefully in the near future your link will have application in IOS and android.
Phil Gultom Senior Project Consultant (Geology) PT New Resource Mine Consulting INDONESIA
EXCELLENT
I must congratulate entire Team of COALspot.com for covering news relating to Coal in such a comprehensive manner.
Sellers of Indonesian Coal such as my Company, find your compilation useful & prompt in getting information that is relevant to our buyer’s needs and in understanding the changing dynamics of the Asia-Pacific Coal market.
I hope your company will achieve great success in coming time.
Rajeev Maheshwari PT Shree Impex - Bandung INDONESIA
COALspot IS RICH IN CONTENT
COALspot is rich in content and informs the users on all facets of Coal Mining & Coal trade.
Reliabile data available on concluded trades ; this is very beneficial to members.
I wish the company achieves great heights with passion & commitment to Coal International Trade.
Dr P.Subramanian - CEO Maabi Consultants LLP INDIA
REQUESTED TO UP DATE THE HBA ON DAILY BASIS
My appreciation to the team of coal spot.com for maintaining and sharing all type of information’s with its members. However an effort is requested to up date the Indonesian Coal Reference Price on daily basis or at least whenever there is a visible change in the market. “Thanks and Bravo”.
Best Regards,
Lt Col (Retd) Muhammad Idrees Anjum, Manager Procurement -1 Fauji Cement Company Limited PAKISTAN
DATA
The data provided is Very good and helpful.
Himal Shah
AGM (Fuel Management)
Torrent Power Limited,
INDIA
COALSPOT.COM FILLED GAP FOR COAL COMMUNICATION
Congratulate to your efforts in world class coal information portal specifically Indonesian coal market.
You have filled gap for coal communication. I have full confidence that this will be a platform for all coal trading concerns.
Mr. Manish Jain Sr. Manager (Operations) Bhatia International Limited INDIA
SPOT ON
Congratulations on being SPOT ON with this informative portal!!
Hope to see more informative news related to Indonesian & South African coal market, new trends, market predictions and so on.
Information is the key to all communications and decision making. So keep up the good initiative taken by you.
All the best.
Kumar Sapre AGM - Marketing - Kyori INDIA
COALSPOT.COM IS USEFUL IN MY ROLE AS A CONSULTANT
Have just registered to access your web-site and wish to report the experience has been very good.
The process did not take long, and the registration has worked flawlessly.
I have accessed your site and have found it to be very interesting and useful in my role as a consultant for a large Engineering Consultancy.
Ken McNaughton AUSTRALIA
REQUESTED TO PROVIDE COAL PRICES FOR AUSTRALIAN, SOUTH AFRICAN AND EUROPEAN ZONE COAL
I will congrates your efforts for providing the valuable information and news. The coal spot.com is a single platform to get in touch with the Coal world.
I regular update myself to read the articles, analysis and news on Coal price, logistics etc.
I request you to provide more news or articles on Coal prices for Australian coal, South African coal and European zone coal.
Thanks / Regards,
Abhinav Kashiv Sr. Officer (Commercial) Kyori INDIA
COALSPOT.COM HELPS US TO CONCLUDE THE CONTRACT AT COMPETITIVE RATES
It is very much useful and update informative regarding coal price trend and coal freight.
We are able to assess the global demand and production.
With this available information we are able to conclude the contract at competitive rates.
We request you to please continue to give more such information and we are wishing you all the best.
R. Venkatachalam Senior Vice President-Materials Sakthi Sugars Limited Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
EXCELLENT
Excellent Website very valuable in our business to help predict future trends and shipping costs along with coal pricing.
Keith Wyper CEO Minang Besar Coal Terminal INDONESIA
INFORMATIVE WEBSITE
Thank you for create this website. I got many information here about coal price etc.
Zulfikar Habib Siregar MHU Coal INDONESIA
COALSPOT.COM A USEFUL GUIDE BOOK
We congratulate COALspot.com for providing all the relevant data’s from time to time and appraising us on the current trend of Coal market.
It’s a friendly portal sharing relevant news and content related to booming of Coal Industry which a fresher can easily understand. It provides knowledge to beginners as to what is Coal, types of Coal, quality, how to calculate Calorific Value, heat value conversions , shipments etc.
You have filled up the gap for coal communication for all traders, miners and also to the users who have short knowledge of Coal. Hope that COALspot.com shall continue providing informative news in coming days, months and years to come.
Wishing COALspot.com all success in future.
Prashant Mandloi PT Indo Bharat Rayon, (Aditya Birla Group) INDONESIA
I GREETS TO COALSPOT.COM
I greets to COALspot.com, and I think very important to make communication, sharing, relations, information all of u on mining especially coal world.
Good luck and success !
Mr. Ahmad Rifai PT. Berau Coal INDONESIA
AN EXCELLENT SITE
An excellent site for accurate and dependable info on Indonesian coal prices. Keep it up.
T.V.R.Murthy ME Global Resources INDIA
GOOD WORK !!
Good work !! Keep it up !! Very informative and help me personally in lot of discussion with clients.
Thanks again.
Rajan B Relationship Manager, CEPL- Chennai INDIA
GOOD SITE TO VISIT
Congratulation.....
Good site to visit and get some news easily. looking forward for the new idea about chat forum in this site. So all of us may get a great update issue for coal.
Hartoyo N. Adi PT Timah Investasi Mineral INDONESIA
NEED MORE NEWS ON CHINA COAL MARKET
China being the 1st consuming country for coal, I will be very appreciated if there are more news on China coal market.
Cheung CHINA
KEEP IT UP COALSPOT.COM
I have found you the best ever portal having international coal market and shipping news together. I joined you when you had just started and since then going through your every news for knowledge and awareness. It is really good to see your growth everyday.
Keep it up COALspot.com and wish you all the success in coming days, months and years to come.
Pawan Patidar Bhatia International Ltd. Indore INDIA
IT IS A GREAT HELP
It is a great help to get the freight rate and I wish COALspot.com a great success
Travasso Marcelino Francisco Travassons Ltd UNITED KINGDOM
WE WISH YOU CONGRATULATION AND GOOD LUCK !
I am very happy to know that you have run the above portal. Trust it will be very usefull to all coal players and any parties who are interested in coal matters.
We wish you congratulation and goodluck !
Mr. Eman Irvani PT. Harisindo Batumulia INDONESIA
COALSPOT.COM MUST BE CONGRATULATED FOR COVERING NEWS RELATING TO COAL IN SUCH A COMPREHENSIVE MANNER
You must be congratulated for covering news relating to Coal in such a comprehensive manner.
Buyers of Indonesian Coal such as my Company, find your compilation useful & prompt in getting information that is relevant to our buying needs and in understanding the changing dynamics of the Asia-Pacific Coal market.
Balasubramaniam INDIA
INFORMATIVE WEBSITE
Informative website, a much needed one for Indonesia coal industry, hope becomes a stronger platform for exchange of Business & information in the decade that is going to show how important coal is as a fossil fuel.
Ramnath MD - Novem Coal Resources SINGAPORE
EXCELLENT WEBSITE
I congratulate you on a very informative website, I haven't found anything comparable to the information you have provided regarding the Indonesian Coal Market. You have my sincere gratitude and deepest admiration on a simple yet informative layout of an excellent website.
Sean Ter FDK Resources Sdn Bhd MALAYSIA
IT IS GREAT BEGINNING FOR COALSPOT.COM
It is great beginning for coalspot.com. It would be better you add search column also for easy search for some of the news items
Mr. Sampathkumar Ananthachari PT Bokormas Wahana Makmur INDONESIA
VALUABLE INFORMATION
Good Work. Valuable information you are providing to know present and future coal price in international markets.
Kishore Javaji Coastal Energy Pvt INDIA
VERY GOOD SITE
Very Good site where we can get everything at a glance. Need daily update on SA coal prices
Nikhil Shah (Business Head- International Trade) Anik Industries Ltd, Indore, INDIA
WISH COALSPOT SUCCESS IN EVERY STEP
This website would appeal to anyone, technical background in coal business or not, because it is simple and very effective.