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Friday, 22 June 12
GLOBAL ACTION NEEDED ON ENERGY POVERTY - WORLD COAL
 Eradicating energy poverty is possibly the biggest challenge facing the world today. Like climate change it can only be addressed with a concerted global effort. With the Rio+20 conference underway, WCA looks at what needs to be done to achieve energy access for all.
The statistics are well known. 1.3 billion people lack access to electricity and another billion have only intermittent access.Without concerted international action, these numbers are not expected to change significantly in the next two decades. There is a huge disparity in energy access across the globe. Most developing economies struggle with low levels of energy access, and while most developed economies have almost full energy access, the amount of electricity they produce and consume varies significantly. Improving energy access is so important because it is fundamental to modern life. Light and power for homes, schools, hospitals, business and industry are all essential to strong and resilient economies that improve livelihoods. Economic and social development cannot occur in the modern world without access to energy. It is for this reason that the United Nations has declared 2012 as the International Year of Sustainable Energy for All, and it is why energy is amongst the top issues at the Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development.
More ambition needed
Real ambition is needed to deliver energy access across the world. The original text of "The Future We Want" draft outcome document for Rio+20 released by the UN early in 2012 included language calling for access to a "basic minimum level" of energy. Targets that refer to the basic minimum level of access reflect the target contained in the IEA's Energy for All case outlined in its World Energy Outlook 2011. This target would provide: "use of a floor fan, a mobile phone, and two compact fluorescent light bulbs for about five hours a day. In urban areas, consumption might also include an efficient refrigerator, a second mobile phone per household and another appliance, such as a small television or a computer." What is most alarming however is what is not included in the IEA definition, where it notes that "some other categories are excluded, such as electricity access to business." Ambitious energy targets will provide the energy needs to build and operate essential social infrastructure and support economic growth by allowing reliable energy supplies for business and industry. Targets for energy access must be ambitious because the problem is so fundamental to the challenges facing the modern world.
National priorities are important
The first draft of "The Future We Want" document and the UN Secretary General's Sustainable Energy for All initiative have both also focused heavily on expanding the role to be played by renewable energy. Renewable energy does have an important role to play in improving energy access but it is not the right solution everywhere. As nations develop, they seek secure, reliable and affordable sources of energy to strengthen and build their economies - coal is a logical choice in many of these countries because it is widely available, safe, reliable and relatively low cost. Accessing reliable, on-grid, base load electricity is essential for businesses and industries that cannot have intermittent supply. Strong grid structures with base load coal fired power stations are essential to even out peaks and troughs in the generation of renewable electricity and they can very effectively distribute centralised base load electricity. Many countries have very significant coal reserves and should be able to utilise those to build reliable base load electricity systems. International support for improving energy access should recognise the economic, technical and natural resources available in economies with a shortage of electricity supply. Across the world coal will play a significant role in improving energy access. The IEA's WEO 2011 projects that coal will provide more than half of the on-grid electricity needed to meet their energy for all case. It will be particularly important in places like India, Pakistan and southern Africa and will continue to strengthen China's energy supplies.
Energy access and climate change
Despite the need for countries to be able to utilise their own resources, it seems at the international level that there is a far more significant focus on renewable energy technologies. This focus is brought about by concerns over climate change. The concern is that significantly improved energy access will lead to large increases in emissions of greenhouse gases and therefore increase the risk of catastrophic climate change. Many actors in the international community therefore believe that fossil fuels cannot play a role in improving access to energy if we also want to meet the climate challenge. It is not necessary however for action to be restricted to that paradigm.
A surprising revelation in the IEA World Energy Outlook 2011 was that achieving the IEA's (albeit minimal) energy access target would only increase global CO2 emissions by 0.7%. In part that is likely to be because of the significant role of off-grid renewables included in the scenario, but it also comes in a scenario where almost a quarter of all electricity needed is expected to be provided by coal. More ambitious energy access targets may lead to higher emissions, but this will also come in the context of significantly improved economic and social outcomes for those who get access to electricity. Even more important is that significantly increased emissions can be avoided. Deployment of advanced coal technologies will play a major role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. One key way of reducing the emissions from burning coal is to improve efficiency levels at power stations. Highly efficient modern supercritical and ultra supercritical coal plants emit almost 40% less CO2 than subcritical plants. Efficiency improvements in power generation are amongst the most cost-effective and shortest lead time actionsfor reducing emissions from coal-fired electricity. This is particularly the case in developing countries and economies in transition where existing plant efficiencies are generally lower and coal use in electricity generation is increasing. Beyond improvements in efficiency, carbon capture and storage technology will be a key technology to reduce CO2 emissions, not only from coal, but also natural gas and industrial sources.
Figures in the IEA's World Energy Outlook 2011 report estimate the potential for CCS to contribute 22% of global CO2 mitigation through to 2035. Over time CCS will become a key technology for improving energy access consistent with global climate objectives.
What action is needed?
Concerted international action is needed to address the global challenge of energy poverty. Without providing energy to those who currently lack it, it will be impossible to eradicate global poverty. To meet this challenge, policy frameworks must be put in place, both at national and international levels, to support effective energy institutions and business models to support the deployment of a comprehensive energy infrastructure where it is needed most. With these frameworks in place, finance from all sources, public and private, domestic and international is needed to provide the finance to build energy systems. Before this can be achieved however, it must be recognised that all sources of energyare necessary to meet the vast potential demand for electricity. It is important to understand that different sources of energy will suit different countries and different environments. To ensure that energy reaches those who need it most, there cannot be a political preference for one technology over another. The decision must be based on what is most effective in meeting the energy need.
Source: World Coal
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Monday, 24 June 24
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- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
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