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Friday, 22 June 12
GLOBAL ACTION NEEDED ON ENERGY POVERTY - WORLD COAL
 Eradicating energy poverty is possibly the biggest challenge facing the world today. Like climate change it can only be addressed with a concerted global effort. With the Rio+20 conference underway, WCA looks at what needs to be done to achieve energy access for all.
The statistics are well known. 1.3 billion people lack access to electricity and another billion have only intermittent access.Without concerted international action, these numbers are not expected to change significantly in the next two decades. There is a huge disparity in energy access across the globe. Most developing economies struggle with low levels of energy access, and while most developed economies have almost full energy access, the amount of electricity they produce and consume varies significantly. Improving energy access is so important because it is fundamental to modern life. Light and power for homes, schools, hospitals, business and industry are all essential to strong and resilient economies that improve livelihoods. Economic and social development cannot occur in the modern world without access to energy. It is for this reason that the United Nations has declared 2012 as the International Year of Sustainable Energy for All, and it is why energy is amongst the top issues at the Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development.
More ambition needed
Real ambition is needed to deliver energy access across the world. The original text of "The Future We Want" draft outcome document for Rio+20 released by the UN early in 2012 included language calling for access to a "basic minimum level" of energy. Targets that refer to the basic minimum level of access reflect the target contained in the IEA's Energy for All case outlined in its World Energy Outlook 2011. This target would provide: "use of a floor fan, a mobile phone, and two compact fluorescent light bulbs for about five hours a day. In urban areas, consumption might also include an efficient refrigerator, a second mobile phone per household and another appliance, such as a small television or a computer." What is most alarming however is what is not included in the IEA definition, where it notes that "some other categories are excluded, such as electricity access to business." Ambitious energy targets will provide the energy needs to build and operate essential social infrastructure and support economic growth by allowing reliable energy supplies for business and industry. Targets for energy access must be ambitious because the problem is so fundamental to the challenges facing the modern world.
National priorities are important
The first draft of "The Future We Want" document and the UN Secretary General's Sustainable Energy for All initiative have both also focused heavily on expanding the role to be played by renewable energy. Renewable energy does have an important role to play in improving energy access but it is not the right solution everywhere. As nations develop, they seek secure, reliable and affordable sources of energy to strengthen and build their economies - coal is a logical choice in many of these countries because it is widely available, safe, reliable and relatively low cost. Accessing reliable, on-grid, base load electricity is essential for businesses and industries that cannot have intermittent supply. Strong grid structures with base load coal fired power stations are essential to even out peaks and troughs in the generation of renewable electricity and they can very effectively distribute centralised base load electricity. Many countries have very significant coal reserves and should be able to utilise those to build reliable base load electricity systems. International support for improving energy access should recognise the economic, technical and natural resources available in economies with a shortage of electricity supply. Across the world coal will play a significant role in improving energy access. The IEA's WEO 2011 projects that coal will provide more than half of the on-grid electricity needed to meet their energy for all case. It will be particularly important in places like India, Pakistan and southern Africa and will continue to strengthen China's energy supplies.
Energy access and climate change
Despite the need for countries to be able to utilise their own resources, it seems at the international level that there is a far more significant focus on renewable energy technologies. This focus is brought about by concerns over climate change. The concern is that significantly improved energy access will lead to large increases in emissions of greenhouse gases and therefore increase the risk of catastrophic climate change. Many actors in the international community therefore believe that fossil fuels cannot play a role in improving access to energy if we also want to meet the climate challenge. It is not necessary however for action to be restricted to that paradigm.
A surprising revelation in the IEA World Energy Outlook 2011 was that achieving the IEA's (albeit minimal) energy access target would only increase global CO2 emissions by 0.7%. In part that is likely to be because of the significant role of off-grid renewables included in the scenario, but it also comes in a scenario where almost a quarter of all electricity needed is expected to be provided by coal. More ambitious energy access targets may lead to higher emissions, but this will also come in the context of significantly improved economic and social outcomes for those who get access to electricity. Even more important is that significantly increased emissions can be avoided. Deployment of advanced coal technologies will play a major role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. One key way of reducing the emissions from burning coal is to improve efficiency levels at power stations. Highly efficient modern supercritical and ultra supercritical coal plants emit almost 40% less CO2 than subcritical plants. Efficiency improvements in power generation are amongst the most cost-effective and shortest lead time actionsfor reducing emissions from coal-fired electricity. This is particularly the case in developing countries and economies in transition where existing plant efficiencies are generally lower and coal use in electricity generation is increasing. Beyond improvements in efficiency, carbon capture and storage technology will be a key technology to reduce CO2 emissions, not only from coal, but also natural gas and industrial sources.
Figures in the IEA's World Energy Outlook 2011 report estimate the potential for CCS to contribute 22% of global CO2 mitigation through to 2035. Over time CCS will become a key technology for improving energy access consistent with global climate objectives.
What action is needed?
Concerted international action is needed to address the global challenge of energy poverty. Without providing energy to those who currently lack it, it will be impossible to eradicate global poverty. To meet this challenge, policy frameworks must be put in place, both at national and international levels, to support effective energy institutions and business models to support the deployment of a comprehensive energy infrastructure where it is needed most. With these frameworks in place, finance from all sources, public and private, domestic and international is needed to provide the finance to build energy systems. Before this can be achieved however, it must be recognised that all sources of energyare necessary to meet the vast potential demand for electricity. It is important to understand that different sources of energy will suit different countries and different environments. To ensure that energy reaches those who need it most, there cannot be a political preference for one technology over another. The decision must be based on what is most effective in meeting the energy need.
Source: World Coal
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Monday, 08 January 24
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- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Australian Coal Association
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Planning Commission, India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- The University of Queensland
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
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